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Colonial Life (1700s to the Revolution)

Colonial Life (1700s to the Revolution). I. Colonial Populations. Early 1700s  Less than 300,000 in English-American colonies 1775, 2.5 million 20% African slaves Larger than home countries Largest single group of non-whites . African slaves—9 0% held by Southern slave owners.

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Colonial Life (1700s to the Revolution)

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  1. Colonial Life(1700s to the Revolution)

  2. I. Colonial Populations • Early 1700sLess than 300,000 in English-American colonies • 1775, 2.5 million • 20% African slaves • Larger than home countries • Largest single group of non-whites

  3. African slaves—90% held by Southern slave owners

  4. II. Characteristics of Colonial Societies • Stratification—Gap between rich & poor. • Puritans in New England view wealth as being part ofelect • Royal sympathizers of the English Civil War, AKA “Cavaliers”__>honor aristocracy

  5. Colonial Characteristics (cont’d) • Middle Colonies not as rigid socially: • Diversity • Acceptance • Tolerance • N.E. & Middle Colonies • Successful merchants • 90% involved in agriculture • Subsistence • Tenant Farmers

  6. Family • Married, bore children younger than Europeans • More kids=more hands=more earnings • Division of Labor • Men worked outside • Women—take care of the homestead & raise kids

  7. Women had few rights & legal recourses in colonial society

  8. III. Colonial Economies • Mercantilism was a reality • Triangular Trade • New England • Timber, fish, & manufactured goods to Caribbean • Got molasses for Rum • Rum-running. • Middle Colonies: • Agriculture & light manufacturing

  9. Colonial Economies (cont’d) 5. Southern Colonies: • Tobacco main cash crop in the Chesapeake • Carolinas & Georgia Rice & indigo • England & West IndiesGoods and Slaves

  10. IV. Religion & the Great Awakening • 1730s Many lost touch with Puritan faith • 1000’s on the frontier had no access to churches & services • Late 1630’s: emotional connection to & a personal inspiration from God

  11. Religion & the Great Awakening (cont’d) • 1734: “Great Awakening”— ”New Light” preachers • Jonathan Edwards—Ask for forgiveness and pray for salvation • 1741-“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • Obey or go to hell!!!

  12. Religion & the Great Awakening (cont’d) • Other “New Light” Preachers—George Whitfield • “Fire & brimstone” • Undermined “Old Light” ministers • Didn’t need leadership of a man of the cloth to understand the gospel of the Lord • Emotional public admissions of sin.

  13. Religion & the Great Awakening (cont’d) • Significance • 1st time colonists claimed a common experience. (class, occupation, etc.) • Foundations of democratization of colonial society • New sects and division of the Protestant faith • Baptists, Methodists

  14. Universities built to train “New Light” ministers (ex. Yale, Harvard) • Injected emotionalism • old, intellectual approach was overshadowed

  15. Great Awakening

  16. Ben Franklin on the Great Awakening & Whitfield • “In 1739 [there] arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refus'd him their pulpits, and he was oblig'd to preach in the fields..

  17. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous, and it was matter of speculation to me, who was one of the number, to observe the extraordinary influence of his oratory on his hearers, and how much they admir'd and respected him, notwithstanding his common abuse of them, by assuring them that they were naturally half beasts and half devils

  18. It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seem'd as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street.” -- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

  19. V. Impact of the Enlightenment on the Colonies • Science challenges religion • Rationalism used to understand the universe • British philosopher John Locke • Theory of natural rights challenged the divine rule of kings and queens

  20. Impact of the Enlightenment on the Colonies (cont’d) • Sovereignty was derived by the will of those governed • The Governed have a responsibility to rebel against a government that fails to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

  21. Benjamin Franklin • Reason over emotion.. • Set the stage for a revolutionary spirit • Colonists now justified for rebelling against a government that violated their rights as Englishmen (Two Treatises of Government)

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