Intershield ® 163 Inerta 160 Abrasion Resistant Low Friction Ice Coating

1. Intershield®163 Inerta 160Abrasion Resistant Low Friction Ice Coating

2. Content • Coatings for Ice conditions • Coating Challenges • Operating in Ice • Abrasion resistance • Frictional resistance • Key Coating Attributes • Application of Intershield®163 Inerta 160 • Some introductory considerations

3. The Ice-class Market • The Arctic region is the latest new frontier for the oil and gas industry. • Estimated that 22% of the world’s available oil and gas is within the Arctic Circle; the region could hold as much as 90 billion barrels of oil and more than 1,500 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. • The new export-oriented port and pipeline initiatives (that will incorporate ice-class tankers) are focused in three areas • Baltic • Northern Russia • Sakhalin Island

4. Operating on Ice Operators who trade in ice face a number of difficult challenges; • Extremes of low temperatures • Severe abrasion • Ice adhesion to the outside shell

5. Coatings for Ice Conditions • Coatings are an integral part of operations in ice. • The environment provides one of the severest challenges. • Coatings can be designed with attributes not only to protect assets but also aid vessel performance. • Future changes in legislation and trading will influence coating developments.

6. Coatings for Ice Conditions • The hull • Specifically designed to resist exposure to abrasion and ice impact on moving or stationary hull structures. • Decks • Non-skid surfaces • Ballast Tanks • Capable of performing in extremes of both hot and cold conditions • Topsides and Superstructure • Ice and low temp resistance

7. Coating Challenges • Abrasion • Ice can easily damage and detach coatings.

8. Coating Challenges • Corrosion • Corrosion cells will form rapidly to attack unprotected steel. • Increased O2 solubility in colder water can be factor in increasing corrosion rate.

9. Coating Challenges • Ice Adhesion • Adds weight and impedes manoeuvrability/stability • Unsafe environment

10. Coating Challenges • Hull Roughness • Has a significant effect on the efficiency of a vessel moving through water and ice. • A 25µm increase in average hull roughness can increase fuel usage by up to 1%. Roughness Analyser Smooth Surface Increase in Hull Roughness

11. Key Coating Attributes • Low Frictional Resistance • Increasing hull roughness has a significant effect on the efficiency of a vessel moving through water and ice. • A hull coating MUST be formulated to give a very smooth surface with low frictional resistance.

12. Key Coating Attributes • Resistance to the cold • Temps further below the coating Tg (glass transition) may cause: • Decrease in the strain to break • Internal stress increase • Coating modulus increase • These changes can hugely increase the potential for • Cracking • Poorer abrasion / impact resistance • Total detachment – loss of adhesion Detachment & Corrosion Cracking

13. Intershield®163 Inerta 160

14. Intershield®163 Inerta 160 • A high solids, low VOC, two pack epoxy abrasion resistant coating especially designed for ice-going vessels. • The ultimate coating for vessels trading in ice. Low ice adhesion, low frictional resistance. • For use at Newbuilding and Maintenance & Repair. • Launched over 30 years ago • Over 1200 vessel applications both Newbuilding and M&R

15. Intershield®163 Inerta 160

16. Where is Intershield®163 Inerta 160 used • Vessels trading in multi-year ice, Intershield®163 Inerta 160 is specified for the complete underwater hull up-to 0.5m above the load water line (LWL). • Vessels trading in first year ice should as a minimum be coated in the ‘ice-belt’ region..

17. Abrasion Resistance A steel hull coated with a traditional anticorrosive system that is trading in ice conditions can experience increasing average hull roughness (AHR) in the first year from 100 to 225µm • Increase in AHR is due to abrasion and subsequent corrosion • Increase in AHR from 100 to 225µm results in an increase of 4% in the power required to maintain the same vessel speed.

18. Abrasion Resistance • Increasing hull roughness has a significant effect on the efficiency of a vessel moving through water and ice. • Specially formulated to withstand ice impact and abrasion, Intershield®163 Inerta 160 has a proven track record in controlling surface roughness

19. Ice Abrasion • Vessels trading in ice are exposed to extreme ice abrasion • Class societies stipulate vessels trading in ice should have increased steel plate thickness – ‘increment due to abrasion and corrosion due to ice trading’ • Some class societies such as Lloyd’s Register, Det Norske Veritas and the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping recognise the benefit of applying specialist, abrasion resistant, low friction, ice coatings • Protection from corrosion even in high abrasion conditions • For vessels trading in first year ice, the application of a recognised abrasion resistant ice coating can actually provide high levels of corrosion protection and result in an approved reduction in total steel plate thickness

20. Why a reduction in total steel plate thickness? • The reduction in steel thickness allowed has NOTHING to do with Intershield®163 Inerta 160 being so strong that it helps strengthen the hull!!! • It is ALL to do with minimisingthe corrosion that occurs if a coating is removed from steel, exposing the steel to the marine environment. • Intershield®163 Inerta 160 helps the owner/operator to reduce steel plate thickness since the coating is ice-resistant and so stays on the steel protecting it from corrosion.

21. Frictional Resistance • Increasing hull roughness has a significant effect on the efficiency of a vessel moving through water and ice. • Intershield®163 Inerta 160 has been formulated to give a very smooth surface with low frictional resistance

22. Frictional Resistance • The abrasion resistance and low frictional resistance of Intershield®163 Inerta 160 has a beneficial effect on reducing vessel power consumption. • It is possible to achieve annual fuel savings of between 7 to 10% on a typical vessel trading in the Baltic region when the vessel is coated with Intershield®163 Inerta 160†

23. Intershield®163 Inerta 160 at Newbuilding

24. Intershield®163 Inerta 160 Maintenance and Repair

25. Intershield®163 Inerta 160 In-service Performance • Benefits of dedicated ice coatings 2 Years Ice Trading 5 Years Trading in Baltic

26. Intershield®163 Inerta 160 In-service Performance 2 Years Ice Trading 3 Years Ice Trading

27. Intershield®163 Inerta 160 In-service Performance In September 2010 the vessel “Monchegorsk” became the first ever vessel in the Arctic winter time to sail the entire Northern Sea Route without icebreaker assistance. “This coating demonstrates outstanding abrasion resistance to the heaviest ice conditions and improves the seaworthiness of ice-going ships, satisfying the high performance standards of our fleet. This is why all vessels owned by Norilsk Nickel are coated with Intershield®163 Inerta 160.” - Arctic captain Vyacheslav Konoplev

28. Intershield®163 Inerta 160 Abrasion resistant low friction ice coating • Intershield®163 Inerta 160 is a proven, high performance abrasion resistant coating for ice going vessels. • 30 year, >1200 vessel proven track record • Class recognised abrasion resistant ice coating • Low frictional resistance • Smooth surface assists ice slip • Resists ice adhesion • Operation in temperatures down to -50oC • Allows reduction in total steel plate thickness at the ice belt

29. Intershield®163 Inerta 160Abrasion Resistant Low Friction Ice Coating