Ch 5 Sec 1 Dawn of the Industrial Age

1. Ch 5 Sec 1Dawn of the Industrial Age

2. Define “Revolution” - __________________________ Play “revolution by John Lennon Definition -a sudden, radical, or complete change During the late 1700s social revolutions occurred in the United States and in France. During the 1800s, from 1750-1850, a different type of revolution occurred in Britain. http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#the-industrial-revolition Show as a intro to IR

3. You say you want a revolutionWell you knowWe'd all want to change the worldYou tell me that it's evolutionWell you knowWe'd all want to change the worldBut when you talk about destructionDon't you know that you can count me outDon't you know it's gonna be alright [x3] You say you got a real solution Well you know We'd all want to see the plan You ask me for a contribution Well you know We're all doing what we can But if you want money for people with minds that hate All I can tell you is brother you'll have to wait Don't you know it's gonna be alright [x4] You say you'll change the constitution Well you know We'd all love to change your head You tell me it's the institution Well you know You better free your mind instead But if you go carrying pictures of Chairman Mao You ain't going to make it with anyone Anyhow Don't you know know it's gonna be alright

4. In general Life in the Europe during the 1750s • People lived on small cottages • Used hand made tools for farming • Used candles and fireplaces • Made their own clothes • Grew their own food • Stayed within their own communities • Had to walk everywhere or use horse drawn wagons Don’t need to write down

5. Life Changes as Industry Spreads • In the mid-1700s, production of food & goods began to be made easier by complex machines. • This process of industrialization was slow at first, but eventually led to the growth of cities and the end of a rural way of life.

6. Agriculture Spurs Industry • The Industrial Revolution began with improvements in farming. • Rich landowners began to enclose large farms, and farm laborers were pushed out of work. • Populations in Europe soared because of the food surplus and improved sanitation and medical care. • Site examples from pg 171- (2-3)_______________

7. I. Agricultural Revolution 1st A. Farming methods improved 1. Create better soil; seed drill 2. Crop rotation a. switch crops each year B. Enclosures a. large farms closed in to create smaller farms Write all this

8. How many people were there?

9. How did people get around?(don’t write, just read) ‘We set out at six in the morning and didn’t get out of the carriages (except when we overturned or got stuck in the mud) for 14 hours. We had nothing to eat and passed through some of the worst roads I ever saw in my life’ This is a description of a journey by Queen Anne in 1704 from Windsor to Petworth – a journey of 40 miles. What does it tell us about transport at the time?

10. Journey times from London (in hours)

11. How did people make money?(don’t write) • 8 out of 10 worked in countryside • Subsistence farming • Cottage industries - factories rarely employed more than 50 people • Handmade – buttons, needles, cloth, bricks, pottery, bread etc. • Developing towns – Liverpool, Birmingham, Glasgow Welsh spinsters How many objects do you have about you or can you see in the room that are handmade?

12. Inventions • Eli Whitney – Cotton gin • Elias Howe – Sewing Machine • Robert Fulton – Steam Boat • Francis Cabot Lowell and Samuel Slater – Assembly lines and factories Show Ford assembly line clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWjTWlHnYfE&list=PLG41HV5r0aEKYd6yd6R6GUSb2ksZJnwix&index=15&feature=plpp_video

13. The Enclosure Movement The geographic advantage for England was that it had many natural harbors (BM ?) How many cities are located on a harbor?

14. Who lost their land?Where did they go?What would you do if the government passed a law forcing you off your land? Yorkshire Dales National Park, in Yorkshire, England.

15. “Enclosed” Lands Today

16. Positive and Negative effects of Enclosures: • POSITIVE • Increase food supply • Increased profits because farmers didn’t need as many workers (land was smaller) • Produced more food w/ less workers (BM ?) Write the above • NEGATIVE • Many farmers lost their jobs (land was smaller) • Many moved from the country to cities in search of jobs

17. Use pages 170-173 & notes to fill in the blanks

19. Improved • Raises • Population increased • Cities • Steam & coal or vise versa • Iron

20. New Technology Becomes Key • In the 1700s, new sources of energy were developed. • Coal powered the steam engine, which, in turn, powered everything from trains to ships. • The intense heat of coal also allowed for improved iron production, which further benefited the new railroad industry. Advantage of RR over a canal is that it didn’t have to follow the rivers (BM?) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aO3AW0JAHmU&list=PLG41HV5r0aEKYd6yd6R6GUSb2ksZJnwix&index=2&feature=plpp_video

21. I. James Watt’s Steam Engine • Steam: better source of power • Units of Power named in his honor • 1. watts • How did Watt improve the steam engine? • Created a more efficient steam engine (BM? )

22. A steam engine built to James Watt's patent in 1848 at Freiberg Germany

24. INDUSTRIALIZATION: Factory/machine made goods Predict: Positives ? Negatives ? http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#the-industrial-revolition http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12325-the-industrial-revolution-machines-and-factories-video.htm

25. Factory Production • Concentrates production in one place • [materials, labor] • Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets] • Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor. • Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

26. Factory System http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12326-the-industrial-revolution-factory-work-video.htm • Rigid schedule. • 12-14 hour day. • Dangerous conditions. • Mind-numbing monotony.

27. Why England 1st? A. Economics 1. New Markets in “New World” brings in $ 2. Businesses invest in machinery 3. Banks offer loans to merchants who invest in new industries B. Geography 1. Natural Harbors (BM?) advantage for England, rivers a. make TRANSPORTATION easy 2. Natural resources a. Coal and iron

28. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

29. Metals, Woolens, & Canals RR’s didn’t have to follow the course of a river so it was an improvement over a Canal (BM ?)

30. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] • More powerful than water is coal. • More powerful than wood is iron. • Innovations make steel feasible. • “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” • “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. • Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dypdoLm4Rn8&list=PLG41HV5r0aEKYd6yd6R6GUSb2ksZJnwix&index=4&feature=plpp_video) • http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#history-of-the-holidays-the-story-of-labor-day

31. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

32. Coal Mining in Britain:1800-1914

33. Entrepreneurs set up factories not in the traditional population centers such as London, but out of town, close to water power and coal fields and with easy access to markets.

34. West-Central England AKA“Black Country” Due to smoke clouds from factories burning coal and smelting iron "Staffordshire and Warwickshire Past and Present" by John Alfred Langford (1872). ''Dudley"', c 1832', by J. M. W. Turner

35. Industrial Staffordshire

36. Why England industrializes 1st Continued….C. Population growth 1. Result of agricultural revolution (main reason): TRIPLE POPULATION in Britain (BM ?) 2. Demand for goods (customers) 3. More workers 4. Growing Middle Class ($)

37. 5 of 5

38. 5 of 5