Passive houses and energy saving buildings in Germany By Leon Wiegmann and Dennis Sperlin

1. Passive houses and energy saving buildings in GermanyBy Leon Wiegmann and Dennis Sperlin

2. Structure • General information about energy saving • Passive house → What is a passive house → How does it work? → Advantages of a passivehouse → Arising expenses • Zero energy house → What is a zero energy house → Central elements of an zero energy house • Plus energy house → What is a plus energy house → How does plus energy work? • How everyone can save energy?

3. General information about energy saving • Energy saving: - reducing energy consumption • Aim: reducing CO2 emissions • Principles of Energy Saving: - optimizing buildings - using efficient heating and plant technology - using renewable energy • Types of energy saving buildings: - passive houses - zero energy houses - plus energy houses

4. What is a passive house? • Efficient components and ventilation technology → low energy costs • No renounce of comfort → air exchange, consistent temperature • Defenition: A passive house is a building in which the thermal comfort can be ensured solely by reheating or aftercooling the fresh air volume flow which is required for sufficient air quality, without additionally using circulating air.

5. How does it work? • good thermal insulation → without weaknesses • Placed around the whole building → no heat loss • Special three layers of windows • special air heat exchange • 75 to 90 % of the heat can be transfered to the fresh air

6. Advantages of a passive house • consume 90% less energy than normal houses • Heating costs per month: 10-25 € / heating requirement under 15 kwh/m^2 • high crisis safety → toxins, radioactive gases

7. Arising expenses • 15% more expensive than a new building • renovation of an old building to a passive house → 12-18% more expensive • Low repair costs • High requirement of maintenance→ exchange of filters • cleaning und desinfection of the ventilation ducts

8. Zero Energy House • is a technical advancement of a passive house Energy Saving Ordinance → two criteria to speak from a zero energy house: · must be able to generate electricity · amount of energy produced = amount of energy consumed by the building

9. Central elements of an zero energy house • Large window areas to the south, which are also unshadowed in the winter, in low-standing sun. • Building exterior surfaces (facades, roofs, windows, doors) with low heat transfer coefficient (= Thermal insulation value) • A wide air tightness • Consistent use of renewable energies (thermal solar system) • Controlled housing ventilation with heat recovery

10. What is a Plus energy house • Is similar to the zero energy house • Annual energy balance is positive • It has existed for over 15 years • It is build for example in „Freiburg“ • The plus energy house is so far developed that it can be built for marketable prices anywhere

11. How does Plusenergy work? - Natural building materials are used → No toxins, good air, bright rooms full of daylight and warm wall surfaces - An optimally insulated and dense building envelope is used - is not tied to a particular heating technology → efficient heat pumps have been installed • The required energy for heating is gained mostly by thermal solar systems and photovoltaic systems ( 100 % Emission-free ) → a plus of clean solar power is delivered to the public network

12. How everyone can save energy • Use a gas cooker instead of an electric cooker • Only turn on the light when you need it (use daylight) • Use energy-saving lamps • Reduce water consumption • Switch off devices for entertainment after use do not turn on standby mode • Use economical devices ( look at the Energy Efficiency class ) • Test old heaters

13. Sources http://plusenergiehaus.de/index.php?p=home&pid=8&L=0&host=1 http://www.energie-wissen.info/energiesparhaeuser/nullenergiehaus.html https://www.hausausstellung.de/nullenergiehaus.html https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullenergiehaus https://reset.org/act/elf-tipps-zum-energiesparen-haushalt-buero-und-kueche https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plusenergiehaus