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Solutions

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures consisting of solutes dissolved in a solvent. The solvent, typically a liquid, facilitates the dissolving process of solutes, which can be solids or liquids. Water is known as the universal solvent, exhibiting unique properties due to its polar nature. Factors that enhance dissolution include stirring, reducing solute size, and increasing temperature. Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature, which can be illustrated through solubility curves demonstrating saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.

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Solutions

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Solutions

  2. What is a solution? • A mixture that has the same composition throughout • Also known as a homogenous mixture • Made of solutes and solvent

  3. Parts of a Solution Solvent Solute • The substance that is doing the dissolving • The substance being dissolved

  4. Solid dissolving in a liquid • Solid – solute • Liquid – solvent • Liquid dissolving in a liquid • Liquid in a larger amount - solvent

  5. Water – Universal Solvent • Water has a positive end and a negative end. • The positive end is attracted to our negative end. • Water molecules pull apart the solute and then they mix evenly, forming a solution. • Just remember – • LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE!

  6. Dissolving Solutes • To speed up a solution: • Stirring • Brings more fresh solvent in direct contact with the solute • Smaller crystal size • Increases the surface area which allows more solvent to come in contact with the solute • Increasing temperature • The speed of the solvent increases and causes them to bump into the solute • Solute particles come loose and dissolve faster

  7. Solubility • The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature • Measured in grams per 100 g of water • Depends on the nature of the substances

  8. Concentration

  9. Concentration

  10. Types of Solutions

  11. Solubility Curves • Each line represents a particular substance. • Shows type of solution • Above the line – supersaturated • On the line – saturated • Below the line - unsaturated • Graph • Independent variable – Temperature in Celsius • Dependent variable – grams per 100 g of water

  12. Solubility Curves

  13. Effects of Solute Particles • Adding a solute to a solvent lowers the freezing point of the solvent. • Example – antifreeze • Increasing the boiling point depends on the number of solute particles in the solvent

  14. Questions

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