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Visualizing Uncertainty: Computer Science Perspective

Visualizing Uncertainty: Computer Science Perspective. Ben Shneiderman, Univ of Maryland, College Park Alex Pang, Univ of California, Santa Cruz National Academy of Sciences Workshop March 3-4, 2005, Washington, DC. What do we mean by uncertainty? Why is this an issue now?.

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Visualizing Uncertainty: Computer Science Perspective

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  1. Visualizing Uncertainty:Computer Science Perspective Ben Shneiderman, Univ of Maryland, College Park Alex Pang, Univ of California, Santa Cruz National Academy of Sciences Workshop March 3-4, 2005, Washington, DC

  2. What do we mean by uncertainty? Why is this an issue now?

  3. Sources of uncertainty • Scientific data • Intelligence sources • Statistical analyses • Medical images • Gene expression • Simulations • Financial models • Weather • Consumer ratings • Measurement problems • Ranges/Summaries • Missing data • Human ratings • Potential deceptions • Privacy protection • Risk assessments • Forecasts NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  4. Visualizations • Text, statistical measures… • 1D: Lists, documents, numeric ranges… • 2D: Geographic Info • 3D: Scientific Visualization • Multi-Variate: Information Visualization • Temporal: Patient histories, web logs … • Tree: Taxonomies, org charts, directories … • Network: Social, communication… InfoVizSciViz NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  5. Text: Statistical uncertainty • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  6. Risk/Danger vs. Trust/Validity/Security Terror Threat levels • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Highly About Highly Unlikely Unlikely Even Likely Likely NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  7. 1D: Ranges, variations & forecasts • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  8. 2D: Ball glyphs Delta (observation - forecast) Text 1D 2D 3D Multi-V Temporal Tree Network http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/slvg/assim.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  9. 2D: Arrow glyphs (Direction & velocity) http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/avis/unvis.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  10. 2D: Box glyphs Schmidt et al., 2004, Underwater Environmental Uncertainty, IEEE CG&A http://csdl.computer.org/comp/mags/cg/2004/05/g5056abs.htm NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  11. 2D: Grid with transparency/shading Lefevre, Pfautz & Jones http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/82400.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  12. 2D: Isolines with missing values Off-the-shelf software can give incorrect contours on data with lots of missing values. Modifications to contouring algorithm to account for large number of missing values. NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  13. 2D: Pseudocolor shows mean values Luo, Kao & Pang, 2003, EuroVis http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~pang/op.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  14. 2D: Darkness = uncertainty (high stddev) Mean = hue Skew = 1/saturation Stddev= 1/value NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  15. 2D: Separate layer http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~bordoloi/Pubs/pdfCluster.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  16. 2D: Streamlines with binwise + Luo, Kao & Pang, 2003http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~pang/op.pdf NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  17. 2D: Weather forecast NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  18. 2D: NOAA Storm Prediction Center http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/ NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  19. 2D: Dual views & grid lines Dark shows pollution Dark shows Certainty (Howard & MacEachren, 1996) (Cedlink & Rhenigas, 2000) NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  20. Dual maps for Rate and reliability Bivariate color scheme Double hatch shows unreliable (MacEachren et al., 1998) NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  21. 2D: Gray for missing & interpolation Gray shows missing & interpolated value, superior to using black only Twiddy, R., Cavallo, J., and Shiri, S. 1994. Restorer: A visualization technique for handling missing data. IEEE Visualization94, 212-216 http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000000/a000010/index.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  22. 3D: Fuzzy molecular surface: HIV protease • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Crisp molecular surface Probe radius 1.4 Fuzzy molecular surface Probe radius 1.4 Crisp molecular surface Probe radius 5.0 Fuzzy molecular surface Probe radius 5.0 Lee & Varshney (2002), UM Graphics and Visual Informatics Labhttp://www.cs.umd.edu/gvil NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  23. 3D: Fuzzy molecular densities NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  24. 3D: Uncertainty ‘dust’ NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  25. 3D: Color & opacity NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  26. Multi-V: Database/spreadsheet tables • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  27. Multi-V: Database/spreadsheet tables • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  28. Temporal: Granularity of time • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  29. Temporal: Granularity of time • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  30. Temporal: Granularity of time Time Uncertainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  31. Temporal: Granularity of time • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  32. Tree: Topology, values & names Certainty Hi Med Low Very Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network • - Gene Ontology • - Tree of Life • Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) • Chain of command/Org chart NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  33. Tree: Topology, values & names Certainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Capacity Hi Med Low NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  34. Tree: Topology, values & names Leland or Lee Mike or Michael Alex or Alan Barbara Scott Ben or Benjamin Diane or Di Ed or Edward or Eddie Certainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  35. Network: Social relationship • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network http://prefuse.sourceforge.net/demos-radial.html NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  36. Network: Communication capacity J.A. Brown, McGregor A.J and H-W Braun. NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  37. Network: Node & edge uncertainty Certainty Hi Med Low • Text • 1D • 2D • 3D • Multi-V • Temporal • Tree • Network Flow Hi Med Low Capacity Hi Med Low NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  38. Next steps Explore novel approaches to: • Text: standard terms, percent, probabilities • Box plots, whiskers, ranges • Uncertainty glyphs, isoclines,… • Contours, surfaces, volume rendering • Hue, saturation, value, focus, haze, dust,… • Dual views, probes • Animation, blinking, shaking, flipping,… • Sound, haptics,… NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

  39. Next steps • Heighten awareness of the problem among public, professionals, researchers & developers • Support multi-valued data representation standards • Explore techniques for each data type • Develop guidelines for implementers: • Data formats • Interactive interfaces • Visual presentations • Develop human performance evaluation methods • Publish benchmark datasets & evaluation metrics • Form guidelines for how to propagate/integrate uncertainty markers NAS Workshop: Visualizing Uncertainty

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