1 / 56

Chapter 6 The Progressives

Chapter 6 The Progressives. 1. Starter #2: Monday 10/1. Read “How the Other Half Lives” on page 170 Why do you think immigrants would have had to live in such awful conditions?

hubert
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 6 The Progressives

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 6The Progressives 1

  2. Starter #2: Monday 10/1 • Read “How the Other Half Lives” on page 170 • Why do you think immigrants would have had to live in such awful conditions? • What was the title of the book that both described the conditions that Riis and helped him in his fight to improve them? 2

  3. Starter #2: Monday 10/3 • Read the American Literature on page 176 • What dangers to workers and to food does Sinclair describe? • What does The Jungle suggest about reasons workers formed unions? 3

  4. What was Progressivism? • Progressivism: Arose to address many of the social problems that industrialization created (progressives) • 1. Improve living conditions for the poor • 2. Questioned power and practices of big business • 3. Government to be more honest and responsive to people’s needs • REFORM SOCIETY, WORKPLACE, GOVERNMENT 4

  5. Muckrakers • Reformed-minded writers • First to expose many of the social ills • “raked up” exposed filth of society • Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil • Wrote about: business & political corruption, child labor, slum conditions, racial discrimination 5

  6. Reforming Society • Cities failed to provide: garbage collection, safe housing, police/fire protection • HOUSING • Tenement Act 1901 • Forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways, provide at least one toilet per 2 families, outhouses were banned • Improved health – 15 years, death rate dropped in NYC 6

  7. Society • 1909 – Ida Wells-Barnett, WEB Du Bois, Jane Addams, and many others founded • NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Fight for the rights of African Americans • Fought segregation & stereo types • ADL – Anti-Defamation League • Fight anti-Semitism toward Jews 7

  8. Starter #3: Tuesday 10/2 • Read page 173. • Answer the question under Drawing Conclusions. 8

  9. 9

  10. 10

  11. Reforming the Workplace • Labor unions fight for men – Progressives started the fight for women & children • Wanted to prohibit child labor and limit the number of hours women were forced to work • Paid very low wages – 40% working class in poverty • Fought for minimum wage – National government did not pass until 1938 11

  12. Workplace • Lochner v. New York (1905) – limit work day • Court refused to uphold a law limiting bakers to a 10 hour workday saying it denied workers their right to contract with their employees • Muller v. Oregon (1908) • Limited women to 10 hour workday, hurt their health 12

  13. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire • Turning point for reform • Read and look at the picture on pages 172-174 13

  14. Unions • Fought for better working conditions • AFL (American Federation of Labor) • Skilled Workers • ILGWU (International Ladies Garment Workers Union) • Unskilled Workers • Success brief, strikes failures, government cracked down on activities 14

  15. Reforming the Government • GOAL: Eliminate government corruption & make government more efficient • City Reforms • Ohio, Texas, Council-Manager Model (pg. 174) • State Reforms • Campaign spending, Regulate railroads & utilities 15

  16. Election Reforms • Make more fair & politicians more accountable to voters • 17th Amendment: voters directly elect US Senators • Secret Ballot • Initiative • Voters put a proposed law on ballot for approval • Referendum • Voters put a recently passed law on ballot to reject or reapprove • Recall • Voters can remove elected official by calling a special election (end of section 1) 16

  17. Starter #3: Tues 10/2 • Read The Inside Story on page 177 • What barriers did Alberta Virginia Scott and Otelia Cromwell break in the late 1800s? • What profession did both women go into after graduating from college? 17

  18. Opportunities for WomenSKIP • Education, employment, community • 1833 Oberline College in Ohio became the first to admit women • 1870 20% college students were women • 1900 33% college students were women • Upper/Middle Class • Still denied many opportunities • Training grounds for political activism 18

  19. EmploymentSKIP • Teachers, nurses, bookkeepers, typists, secretaries, shop clerks • Journalists & artists – to appeal to the American public • Working class women • Garment Industry • Employers assumed women were single and supported by their fathers • Justified why they paid them lower 19

  20. Starter #4: Wed 10/3 • Look at the Political Cartoon on page 181 • How do the words change as the stairs lead up to the top? • What point is the cartoonist trying to make with this cartoon? 20

  21. Gaining Political Experience • Women backbone to Progressive Era • Children’s Heath & Welfare • End child labor, improve health, promote education 21

  22. Prohibition • Ban on making, selling, and distributing alcoholic beverages • Claimed alcohol was responsible for crime, poverty, and violence against women and children • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) • Carry Nation • Hatchet & Bible smashed up saloons • 18th Amendment – Confirmed Prohibition 1919 • So unpopular repealed in 1933 22

  23. Civil RightsSKIP • African American women fought all same things + discrimination • National Association of Colored Women • Campaigned against poverty, segregation, & lynchings 23

  24. What does Suffrage mean??? • It does not mean “suffering!!” • It’s actually a “good” word • It means… the right to vote! 24

  25. Rise of Women’s Suffrage Movement • 1848 meeting Senecca Falls – would take 72 years…. • 15th Amendment • Gave African American men the right to vote after the Civil War • Cannot deny the right to vote based on “account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” 25

  26. Video Clip • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvk1NZDFvZU • Mary Poppins Sister Suffragette • http://www.hulu.com/watch/60255/a-celebration-of-womens-history-the-womens-rights-movement-then-and-now • News program 1998 – 150 Anniversary of Senecca Falls 26

  27. Women Organize • National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) • Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B Anthony • Campaigned right to vote & other women issues • American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) • Focused only on voting rights by going state to state 27

  28. Susan B. Anthony • Wrote pamphlets, gave speeches • 1872 registered to vote & voted • Arrested for “knowingly, wrongfully and unlawfully” voting • Read excerpt page 181 • Fined $100, she refused to pay • Court claimed citizenship does not = the right to vote 28

  29. Anti-Suffrage Arguments • Voting inferred with women’s duties at home • Destroy families • Did not have the education or experience • Women didn’t want to vote – don’t force them to • Liquor industries feared women would support Prohibition • Food & Drug safety • Worker & child safety • Church claimed marriage sacred bond where it should be led by man 29

  30. Merge! • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • Susan B Anthony president 1892-1900 • Anthony died in 1906 • “Failure is impossible” • Only one signer from Seneca Falls was alive in 1920 when the 19th Amendment was passed • She was 92 (end of section 2) 30

  31. Starter #5: Thurs 10/4 • Read the Inside Story: “Cowboy or Politician” on page 183 • What are two accomplishments that no one could have predicted of Roosevelt when he was a shy, sickly 9 year old? • What tragedies did Roosevelt have to deal with when he was 26? 31

  32. Starter #4: Thursday 9/30 • Look at the Bully Pulpit on page 185 • What does the reference to big business mean? • What does the cartoon say about Roosevelt’s efforts? Explain. 32

  33. Teddy Roosevelt • Huge energetic reformer, Progressive • Republicans tried to get him out of power • Nominated him for vice president • McKinley shot 1901 - Became president! • 42 years old, youngest President • Most Presidents took hands off approach • Bully Pulpit: powerful platform to publicize important issues and seek support for his policies 33

  34. The Coal Strike of 1902 • Read page 184 • First time federal government intervened in a strike to PROTECT the interests of the WORKERS & public 34

  35. Square Deal • 1904 Campaign slogan • “see that each person is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.” • Limit power of trusts, promote public health, safety, & working conditions 35

  36. Regulating BIG Business • Quote – page 184 • Companies should behave responsible! 36

  37. Trust-Busting • 3 railroad tycoons combined to form Northern Securities Company • Total monopoly over railroads • Roosevelt claimed it violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Court upheld • Led to a WATERSHED • Size of trust didn’t matter: was it good or bad for the American public?? • Sold inferior products, competed unfairly, corrupted public officials 37

  38. Regulating Railroads • RR gave rebates to large customers • Hurt small businesses & farmers • Elkins Act • Prohibited rebates, all customers paid same rates for shipping their products • Hepburn Act • Set maximum railroad rates 38

  39. Protecting Consumers • Food & Drug companies • Selling dangerous products to an unknowing public • Read excerpt on page 186 • Wilson Report • Meat Inspection Act • Federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines • Pure Food & Drug Act • Forbade the sale of products with harmful ingredients 39

  40. Environmental Conservation • Late 1800s people acted as if US had unlimited supply of natural resources • Roosevelt claimed each generation has a duty to protect & conserve (187) • John Muir – naturalist who worked with Roosevelt • Newlands Reclamation Act • Create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive 40

  41. Conservation • Gifford Pinchot • Scientific management of natural resources was crucial • Forest Service • Added 150 million acres to national forests • Antiquities Act • Created 18 national monuments • **Environmental conservation is one of Roosevelt’s greatest legacies… 41

  42. Video Clip • http://www.history.com/videos/america-goes-dry-with-prohibition#theodore-roosevelts-acts-and-legacy • Meat packing & conservation • Progressives (end of section 3) 42

  43. Starter #5: Monday 10/4 • 2nd Page – Label it Quarter 1 Week 7 • Read The Inside Story, Can Politics and Friendship Mix? on page 189 • How were Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft different? • Why did Roosevelt soon regret the support that he had given Taft during the election? 43

  44. Chapter 6 Section 4Taft and Wilson • BACKGROUND • Election of 1908 won by huge margin • Supported Roosevelt’s reform movement • Created Department of Labor • 16th Amendment: Power to levy taxes based on individual's income • Lost support of Progressive Republicans because of bill on tariffs • Alienated Conservation supporters as well 44

  45. Split in the Republican Party • Roosevelt campaigned in 1910 congressional election for New Nationalism • Set of laws to protect workers, ensure public health, and regulate business • Did not win, which caused more splits in the party • Election 1912, Republicans supported Taft, Progressive split into own party • “Bull Moose” nominated Roosevelt • Due to split Democrat Woodrow Wilson won 45

  46. Wilson’s New Freedom • BACKGROUND • Zealous Reformer • New Freedom: Platform that called for tariff reductions, banking reform, and stronger antitrust legislation 46

  47. Tariff Reduction • Underwood Tariff Act: Lower tariffs at lowest level in 50 years • Income tax to make up for lost money 47

  48. Banking Reform • Federal Reserve Act: Created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic • 3 Tier Banking System 48

  49. Stronger Anti-Trust • Sherman Act not strong enough • Clayton Antitrust Act: clarified and extended Sherman • Companies could not buy stock of competing companies in order to form a monopoly • Federal Trade Commission 1915: Enforced antitrust laws and got tough on companies that used deceptive advertising 49

  50. Women Gain the Vote • BACKGROUND • NAWSA favored state by state approach, yet took too long • Alice Paul, formed Nat’l Women’s Party • Focused on passage of the Amendment, used tactics from Britain • 19th Amendment passed in 1920, gave women full voting rights 50

More Related