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Progressivism: Reform Movement of the Early 20th Century

Learn about the Progressives and their solutions to societal problems during the early 20th century, addressing issues such as labor conditions, public health, business practices, politics, and environmental concerns.

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Progressivism: Reform Movement of the Early 20th Century

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Progressives Problems & Solutions

  2. Progressivism An early 20th century reform movement Four Major Goals: • Return control of gov’t to the people • Restore economic opportunity • Correct injustices • Moral improvement

  3. Immigrants/Urbanization

  4. The airshaft of a dumbbell tenement

  5. Progressives & Solutions • Jane Addams - settlement houses (Hull House) • Cities: • Chlorination • Plumbing & ventilation (dumbbell tenements) • Sanitation, police, fire depts.. • Brick/stone buildings

  6. Labor

  7. Company Owners

  8. Company laborers

  9. Labor Problems • Working conditions • Long hours, low pay 12+ hours 6-7 days a week, • 1899 women $269 a year, men $498 • Carnegie $23 million no taxes • “Yellow-dog” contracts- a contract between a worker and an employer in which, as a condition of employment, the worker agrees not to remain in or join a union. • Injuries/death • Child labor (2 million in 1910) • %20 of boys full time jobs, %10 of girls

  10. Labor Solutions • Unions: • AFL (strikes) • Knights of Labor (arbitration) • Muller v. Oregon (Supreme Court) State could legally limit women’s working hours • Worker compensation • Collective bargaining • Keating Owen Act- prohibited the transportation of goods made with child labor across state lines

  11. Public Health/Consumer Fraud

  12. Progressives & Solutions • Labels untruthful • Wretched meat • Contaminated products • Commission to investigate • Public criticism (The Jungle) • Laws: • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food & Drug Act

  13. Business Practices Monopolies Trusts

  14. Progressives & Solutions • Ida Tarbell • Trusts made illegal • Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • Govt. agencies created to be “watchdogs” • Interstate Commerce Commission • Federal Trade Commission • Reduced tariffs (Underwood Tariff) • Elkins Act- RR rebates • Hepburn Act-free RR passes • Income tax: 16th Amendment to the Constitution

  15. Politics Corruption Patronage Graft

  16. Progressives & Solutions • “Political Machines” • Controlled jobs, licenses, bought votes, graft, kickbacks, bribery, hired friends • Pendleton Act- civil service commission • 17th Amendment- direct election of senators • Robert La Follette • State reforms: • Initiative- leg can be from people • Referendum- voted by people • recall

  17. Environment

  18. Progressives & Solutions • Industrial waste • Leveled forests • Overgrazed plains • Spoil dumps • Flooding from timber ind. • TR & John Muir • National Reclamation Act • National Parks • Wildlife Refuges

  19. Women/Minorities

  20. Anti-Suffrage Cartoon

  21. Alice Paul

  22. Progressives & Solutions • No Votes for Afr-Am. • Literacy test, poll tax • Jim Crow Laws • Yield sidewalk • Discrimination • NAACP • No Votes for Women • Domestics, factories, clerks • 19th Amendment

  23. Were the Progressives Successful? Was the industrial revolution a “revolution”?

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