1. The Battle of Hastings October 14 (20) 6 Miles Northwest Senlac Ridge English Forces Infantry, Housecarls Exhausted, Ill-equipped Norman Forces Cavalry, Archers Fresh, Armored English Position; Tactical Error Harold’s Fall; Brother’s Fall

2. The Bayeux Tapestry Completed After Conquest Propaganda Piece Story of 1066 Events and Personalities Visual Document Arms, Apparel, Values The Death of King Harold II

7. England in 1067, ‘77, ‘87 1067 A Foreign King An Exhausted Country 1077 Rebellions Quelled Cities, Castles Built 1087 Administration Advanced Norman Occupation Becoming Norman England Themes Administration, Church, Society William and His Nobles, Armed for Battle BL, Cotton MS Claudius, D. II.

8. The Norman Impact: Administration Displacement of Leadership King French Bloodline Nobles Rewards to Wm’s Loyalists Landholders Counties, Lands Parceled Out (Arch)bishops Stigand Out; Lanfranc In Domesday Book (Little, Great) Christmas, 1085; August 1086 Survey: Tax; Land; People; Service County by County Ultimate Authority Warwickshire, Domesday Book

9. “The King (William) holds in demesne Earley (in lordship – that is, by and for himself; he has not let it out to a sub-tenant). Almar (an Anglo-Saxon) held it in alod (freehold) from King Edward. Then (in 1066, it was assessed for tax purposes) at 5 hides, now (in 1086 it is assessed) for (the equivalent of) 4 hides. (There is) Land for use by 6 ploughs. In demesne (on the lord’s land there is land for) 1 plough and (there are) 6 villans (villagers) and 1 bordar (smallholder) with 3 ploughs. There (are) 2 slaves (owned by the King) and 1 site (or close) in Reading (presumably owned by or part of the manor) and (there are) 2 fisheries worth (rendering) 7s and 6d (per year) and 20 acres of meadow. (There is) Woodland for (feeding) 70 pigs. At the time of King Edward (1066) it was worth 100s, and afterwards (when William acquired the manor) and now (1086) it is worth 50s.” Entry for Earley Manor, Berkshire; Domesday Book; TNA, E 31/2/1, fol. 57.

10. The Norman Impact: Church European Connections Pope Alexander II (1061-73) Pope Gregory VII (1073-85) Lanfranc, Abp. Cant., 1070-89 Italian/Lombard; Abbot; Teacher Primacy of Canterbury > York Gregorian Reforms (Asceticism) Celibacy, Simony, Nepotism Investiture Controversy (Re-)building the Churches Canterbury; York; London (Wider Building Program, Including Castles, and the White Tower) Durham Cathedral, rebt 11th/12th cent.

11. The (White) Tower of London Started 1078 Finished 1087 Southeast Corner Inside City Walls Defensive Castle Thameside Subsequently Expanded Several Times

12. The Norman Impact: Society Elite Culture Norman/French Language Rule by Foreigners Foreign Affairs Ties with Scandinavia Severed French Connection Wm. as Duke of Normandy Feudalism Land Held for Military Service Patron Protects / Client Obeys Hierarchical Society Military Elite and Laboring Poor