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INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER PHILADELPHIA, PA SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATION APRIL 17, 2003

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER PHILADELPHIA, PA SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATION APRIL 17, 2003. BY LISA BORNEMANN LIGHTING / ELECTRICAL. INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER. TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY.

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INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER PHILADELPHIA, PA SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATION APRIL 17, 2003

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  1. INDEPENDENCEVISITOR CENTERPHILADELPHIA, PASENIOR THESIS PRESENTATIONAPRIL 17, 2003 BY LISA BORNEMANN LIGHTING / ELECTRICAL Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  2. INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER • TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY NOT DISCUSSED: ELECTRICAL DESIGN STRUCTURAL DESIGN EXTERIOR LIGHTING Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  3. INTRODUCTION • LOCATION • Philadelphia, PA • Redevelopment of Independence National Historical Park • Independence Mall: Independence Visitor Center National Constitution Center Liberty Bell Pavilion Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  4. INTRODUCTION • BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS • 54,000 square foot 2 story facility built above an existing 3 story parking garage. • Steel building with a brick façade. • Copper hip roof with skylights through part of it and a cupola in the center. • Large windows cover both the east and west sides. • Grand Opening: November 19, 2001 Picture courtesy of Brinjac Engineering Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  5. INTRODUCTION • DESIGN TEAM Architect: Kallmann, McKinnell & Wood Architects Owners: Independence Visitor Center Corporation National Park Service Philadelphia Parking Authority MEP Engineers: Brinjac / Kambic & Associates Lighting Designers: Fisher Marantz Stone Master Planners: Olin Partnership Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  6. INTRODUCTION • BUILDING ORIENTATION Philadelphia, PA: Latitude: 39° N Longitude: 75° W Theater Ticket Counter Main Hall Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  7. INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  8. THEATER • SPACE CONDITIONS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  9. THEATER • DESIGN GOALS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  10. THEATER • DESIGN GOALS • To highlight the speaker at the podium • Luminance Ratio 5:1 • To have good facial modeling of the speaker and audience • To provide adequate visibility for safe circulation at all times • To provide comfortable viewing conditions • To minimize the power density: below the recommended value of 1.6 W/sq. ft. for a motion picture theater Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  11. THEATER • REFLECTED CEILING PLAN Recessed 4” aperture halogen adjustable accent light Cove mounted fluorescent T8 strip Recessed 6” aperture CFL downlight Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  12. THEATER • CALCULATION RESULTS Power Density 1.04 W/sq.ft. < 1.6 W/sq.ft. Illuminance levels Speaker = 15-25 fc Wall = 2-3 fc Illuminance levels Floor = 3-4 fc Luminance Ratios Speaker : Wall = 5:1 Illuminance levels Floor = 30 fc Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  13. THEATER • FINAL RENDERINGS Path of egress during video Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  14. THEATER • FINAL RENDERINGS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  15. INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  16. TICKET COUNTER • LOCATION Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  17. TICKET COUNTER • SPACE CONDITIONS WINDOW WINDOW Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  18. TICKET COUNTER • DESIGN GOALS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  19. TICKET COUNTER • DESIGN GOALS • To use facial modeling to make the workers look approachable • To highlight the back wall to draw people’s attention • To provide a comfortable place for people to work • To prevent direct and reflected glare from VDT screens • To prevent glare and shadows on the work plane • To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 1.5 W/sq. ft. Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  20. TICKET COUNTER • REFLECTED CEILING PLAN 6” aperture CFL downlight Backlit frosted glass wall T8 strip mounted in cove as a wallwasher T8 fluorescent strip mounted behind glass wall for backlighting Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  21. TICKET COUNTER • BACKLIT WALL DETAILS Acoustical Ceiling Tile Fluorescent T8 strip 3M Film Frosted Glass Wall White Back Wall Office Fluorescent T8 strip Backlit Frosted Glass Wall Fluorescent T8 strip SECTION AT BACKLIT WALL FRONT VIEW OF BACKWALL Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  22. TICKET COUNTER • CALCULATION RESULTS Illuminance levels Counters = 30 fc Floor behind main counter = 20 fc Floor behind side counters = 30 fc Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  23. TICKET COUNTER • CALCULATION RESULTS Power Density: 1.16 W/sq.ft. < 1.5 W/sq.ft Luminance Ratios: VDT Screen and surrounding counters = 1:3 Screen : computer = 1:4 Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  24. TICKET COUNTER • FINAL RENDERINGS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  25. INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  26. MAIN HALL • LOCATION Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  27. MAIN HALL • SPACE CONDITIONS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  28. MAIN HALL • DESIGN GOALS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  29. MAIN HALL • DESIGN GOALS • To make the space feel like it is outside • To increase the daylight in the space through addition of skylights • To avoid as much direct glare as possible from skylights • Integrate daylight with electric light • To create a pleasing and inviting environment • To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 0.5 – 1.6 W/sq. ft. for a corridor or transition space Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  30. MAIN HALL • REDESIGN T5HO Strip Uplighting the roof with light blue gels to match the color of daylight Additional Skylights Surface mounted to bottom of truss, T5HO lamp with cross baffles. Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  31. MAIN HALL • REDESIGN Additional skylights will be added to the already existing skylight configuration Locations of additional skylights Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  32. MAIN HALL • REDESIGN Direct Glare Prevention from Skylights Use Micro Sun Shielding Louvers embedded between the two panes of glass in the skylights. The Micro Sun Shielding Louver is used in this example. The skylights still appear clear. Diffuse Skylight Solar Radiation They reflect the direct solar rays while allowing the diffuse skylight to pass through. Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  33. MAIN HALL • CALCULATION RESULTS With electric light only Illuminance on floor = 12 fc Power Density: 1.56 W/sq.ft. < 1.6W sq.ft. Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  34. MAIN HALL • RENDERINGS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  35. INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER INTRODUCTION THEATER LIGHTING TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING MAIN HALL LIGHTING GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  36. MAIN HALL • GLAZING STUDY Calculations performed in Radiance Existing skylight configuration and new skylight configuration Dates: June 21 and December 21 Times: 9:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 4:00 pm Sky conditions: Clear Glazing: Existing Glazing – Transmittance = 54%, SC = 0.38 Calculation Results Existing skylight conditions do not provide a uniform illuminance on the floor due to the shape of the skylights. The maximum illuminance levels are the same for both configurations, but the new configuration is much more uniform There is plenty of light on the floor most times of the day and year. The times when electric light will be necessary are after 4:00 pm. December 4:00 pm: 12-20 fc June 4:00 pm: 100-150 fc Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  37. MAIN HALL • GLAZING STUDY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  38. MAIN HALL • GLAZING STUDY Compared with mechanical loads for existing skylight configuration: Cooling = 11.7 tons Heating = 16.2 tons Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  39. CONCLUSION • Additional skylights are recommended: • Electric light is only rarely required • People will feel close to the outdoors • Minimal heating and cooling load changes with properly selected glazing • Power densities were below requirements • Design solutions meet the required criteria • Designs had minimal intrusion on the spaces • All fixtures were hidden in coves or at least recessed Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  40. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AE FACULTY DR. MISTRICK DR. MOECK ED WUNDERLEY AE FRIENDS KEVIN OLSAVSKY – BRINJAC ENGINEERING FISHER MARANTZ STONE FRIENDS AND FAMILY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  41. QUESTIONS????? Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  42. THEATER • CONTROLS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  43. TICKET COUNTER • BACKLIT WALL DETAILS Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  44. MAIN HALL • GLAZING CONFIGURATION New glazing panes: 3’4” x 6’5” Old glazing panes: 3’4” x 2’1” New glazing Area: 1480 sq. ft. Old glazing Area: 564.6 sq. ft. Increase in area by 162% Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  45. MAIN HALL • STRUCTURAL STUDY Due to an increase in load with the skylights a structural study was performed Deflection and Moment Calculations were performed New skylight added to existing skylight to match larger skylight W10x22 + C6X8.2 W10x33 + W6x9 W10x22 W10x22 + C6x8.2 Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  46. MAIN HALL • STRUCTURAL STUDY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  47. THEATER • POWER DENSITY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  48. TICKET COUNTER • POWER DENSITY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

  49. MAIN HALL • POWER DENSITY Independence Visitor Center Philadelphia, PA

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