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The Berlin Wall: A Divide in History

The Berlin Wall stands as a powerful symbol of the Cold War, dividing East and West Berlin from 1961 until its fall in 1989. After WWII, Germany was split into four sectors, leading to varying governance' between the Allies and the USSR. The wall not only split families and friends but also represented the stark contrast in political ideologies. Significant events like the Berlin Airlift showcased Allied support for West Berlin. The reunification of Germany in 1989 marked the end of communism’s grip in Eastern Europe and ushered in a new era of unity and progress.

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The Berlin Wall: A Divide in History

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  1. The Berlin Wall Behind a Curtain of Concrete

  2. Cold War • After WWII, Allies split Germany into 4 sectors • France, US, and UK administered their sectors jointly • USSR forced Communism on the people of their sector

  3. 1961: Beginning the Wall

  4. Built to divide Berlin

  5. DIVIDES EAST FROM WEST • The wall divided families, businesses, and friends • No Germans were allowed to cross between sectors in the early days • Only US, UK, French, and USSR citizens could travel, and that was restricted

  6. Checkpoint Charlie

  7. Windows Walled to Prevent Escape from the East.

  8. NO MAN’S LAND

  9. THE BERLIN AIRLIFT • USSR closed supply lines to West Berlin • In response, the Allies used airplanes to drop food and other goods to the West Berliners • A few American pilots began to drop packets of candy for the children of Berlin

  10. CHOCOLATE FLYER

  11. A symbol of unity, shadowed by separation, the Brandenburg Gate.

  12. A decade later, looking from West to East Berlin through the Brandenburg gate.

  13. Guard Towers Lined the Wall

  14. What was the wall?

  15. STATS AND FIGURES • 66 miles long; 11.81 feet high. Total border is 96 miles long. • 302 Total Watch Towers • 239 people killed ON the wall • Over 500 injured by shooting • 3200 arrested attempting to escape • Dozens of East German guards escaped at first, until finally Russians were made guards

  16. Checkpoint Charlie • 1 of 3 Checkpoints between the allied sectors and USSR sector (Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie). • Actually a major street, it’s real name is Friedrichstrasse (or Frederick Street). • Checkpoint Charlie became the symbol of the tensions between East and West during the Cold War

  17. Checkpoint Charlie, 1974 • Tensions rose amongst the former allies • Cold War was heating up • It appeared as if Germany would never reunite.

  18. Viewing Platforms to see the East

  19. GRAFFITI: ACT OF DEFIANCE

  20. A RAY OF HOPE Ronald Reagan And Mikhail Gorbachev

  21. DISAGREEMENT • Ronnie and Gorby argued • BUT…they knew they had to strike a deal • So…

  22. THEY WORKED • Gorbachev’s openness (glasnost) led to reforms in USSR • US/USSR relations began to improve

  23. THOUGH A DEMAND LOOMED

  24. “MR. GORBACHEV, TEAR DOWN THAT WALL!!!”

  25. PEACEFUL PROTESTS Protests begin throughout the Soviet Bloc; including Leipzig and East Berlin. These peaceful protests became known as “Die Wende,” the wind, that swept away the Communist threat.

  26. 9 NOVEMBER 1989

  27. Berlin Reunited

  28. 11+5=1 • The East and West Berliners celebrate • Communism loses its hold on people throughout Europe • Families, cultures, businesses, and a people are reunited

  29. Reunification! Since Reunification, Germany has worked its way back to become the 3rd largest world economy, and a leader in the European Union.

  30. Though their goal was accomplished, the world still must press on…notice the background.

  31. Created by Brock A. BeaverWestview Middle SchoolDecember, 2003

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