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Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Palsy. Matondo Mpongo March 6,2013 Psychology (Honors) 4th. Common Name : Cerebral Palsy (CP). Causes. Caused by damage to or abnormal development of the motor control centers of the brain

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Cerebral Palsy

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  1. Cerebral Palsy Matondo MpongoMarch 6,2013Psychology (Honors) 4th

  2. Common Name :Cerebral Palsy (CP)

  3. Causes • Caused by damage to or abnormal development of the motor control centers of the brain • infection, trauma, malnutrition, drugs or other chemicals, or hemorrhage can damage the brain and lead to CP • Infections contracted by the mother such as Rubella, AIDS, Encephalitis and Meningitis can cause brain damage to the newborn

  4. Causes • Birth defects (brain, head, face, spinal cord, lungs, metabolism) • Certain hereditary and genetic conditions • Complications during labor and delivery • Premature birth • Low birth weight (especially if less than 2 pounds at birth) • Severe jaundice after birth • Multiple births (twins, triplets) • Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) reaching the brain before, during, or after birth • Brain damage early in life,

  5. Target Population  • Targets males and female s • Premature babies • Babies in the womb to two year old • Brain is developing so they are at  a higher risk  of experiencing brain damage

  6. Where and How it affects the CNS? • Cerebral Cortex* Involved in muscle movement* Most common type of damage (Spastic Cerebral Palsy)The Motor Cortex* The motor cortex is a specific part of the cerebral cortex. * It's directly involved in controlling muscle movement throughout the body

  7. Where and How it affects the CNS? • The Basal Ganglia * Responsible for voluntary movement and posture * Helps you recall previously learned complicated movements (walking, dancing, typing) • Injury to both or either Basal Ganglia can result in athetoid cerebral palsy (involuntary muscle movements) Basal Gangalia

  8. Where and How it affects the CNS? • The Cerebellum * maintaining and monitoring coordination during movement * Damage to this can cause Ataxia Cerebral Palsy ( poor coordination, balance and posture)

  9. Symptoms • Not noticeable at birth • Children with CP develop at a slower pace; delay in milestones first sign of CP

  10. Symptoms

  11. Symptoms • Abnormal muscle tone: Stiff or floppy muscles. Limbs in unusual or awkward positions • Abnormal movements: Abrupt, jerky, slow movements • Skeletal deformities: Shortened limbs for those with CP on only one side of the body

  12. Symptoms • Joint contractures: Severe stiffening of the joints common for spastic cerebral palsy • Mental retardation: Some w/ CP have this • Seizures: about 1/3 of those w/ CP have them • Speech problems: unable to control tongue, mouth, or throat muscles • Swallowing problems: inability to control muscles

  13. Symptoms • Hearing Loss: Partial hearing loss • Vision problems: Weakness of the eye that controls muscle movement • Dental problems: Defects in tooth enamel, more cavities • Bowel and/or bladder problems: Lack of muscle control

  14. Prognosis • Not Considered a terminal disorder • It can however affect a person's lifespan by increasing the risk of medical issues • Life span depends on the severity and many other factors such as mobility restrictions, feeding difficulties, cognitive and respiratory functions

  15. Prognosis • Those with CP however can live long lives with the right treatment and medical care

  16. Cures and Treatments • There is NOT a cure • However it can be treated • Treatment depends on severity, nature, and location • Therapists work with CP patient to maximize movement and maintain posture • Wheelchairs, walkers, shoe inserts, crutches, braces, computer-controlled communication devices, are used to assist patient

  17. Treatments • Medication:-Prescribed muscle relaxant drugs such as diazepam (Valium), dantrolene (Dantrium), and baclofen (Lioresal) -Botulinum toxin (Botox) is injected directly into the affected muscles. -Alcohol or phenol injections into the nerve controlling the muscle

  18. Treatments • Surgery: • tenotomy, • tendon transfer • dorsal rhizotomy

  19. Tendon Transfer Treatments • -Tenotomy: tendons of the affected muscle are cut and the limb is cast in a more normal position while the tendon regrows • Tendon Transfer: tendon transfer involves cutting and reattaching a tendon at a different point on the bone to enhance the length and function of the muscle

  20. Treatments • Dorsal Rhizotomy: cuts selected nerve roots in the spinal cord to prevent them from stimulating the spastic musclesNeurosurgical techniques: implanting tiny electrodes directly into the cerebellum, or cutting a portion of the hypothalamus Dorsal Rhizotomy:

  21. Celebrities with CP • Abbey Curran:  represented Iowa at the Miss USA 2008 pageant in Las Vegas • Chris Fonseca : Comedian who has written material for such comedians as Jerry Seinfeld, Jay Leno and Roseanne Arnold. The first (and only) person with a visible disability to appear on the show

  22. Celebrities w/ CP • Jerry Traylor : A motivational speaker with cerebral palsy. He is the only person to jog across America on crutches. Has participated in the running of 35 marathons, climbed to the top of 14,110 foot Pike's Peak, parachuting and other adventures. • RJ Mitte: An American actor. Plays the character, Walter White Jr. on the AMC television series, Breaking Bad.

  23. Organizations • American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine  (AACPDM)     - Provides scientific education to health professionals     - research and services for people with Cerebral Palsy

  24. Organizations • United Cerebral Palsy     - Its mission is to advance the independence, productivity & citizenship of people with disabilities     - Has been around for over 60 years - With help of affiliates provide therapy, assistive technology training, early intervention programs,-Also provide housing, family support, employment assistance

  25. Citations • Polzin, S. J. (2005). Cerebral Palsy. In B. Narins (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 226-232). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3451500079&v=2.1&u=cary81451&it=r&p=GPS&sw=wTran, M., Odle, T. G., & Newton, D. E. (2009). Cerebral Palsy. In L. J. Fundukian (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 440-446). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3240100171&v=2.1&u=cary81451&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w

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