1 / 22

Asthma

Learn about the common symptoms, causes, and triggers of asthma. Discover the disparities in asthma prevalence among different demographics and explore the diagnosis process. Find out about effective treatments and how to recognize and avoid triggers.

huong
Télécharger la présentation

Asthma

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Meredith G. Hennon, MPH and the Supercourse team in Pittsburgh Asthma

  2. Background • Asthma is a chronic lung-disease that inflames and narrows the airways (tubes that bring air into and out of an individual’s lungs). • Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children.

  3. Symptoms • Common symptoms of asthma include: • Coughing • Wheezing • Tightness in the chest • Shortness of breath

  4. Causes • While the exact cause of asthma is not known, it is thought that a variety of factors interacting with one another, early in life, result in the development of asthma.

  5. Causes • Parents with asthma • Atopy • Childhood respiratory infections • Exposure to allergens or infections while the immune system is developing

  6. Diagnosis • Based on: • Medical history • Physical examination • Test results

  7. Asthma Triggers • A variety of things can cause asthma symptoms to appear: • Allergens • Irritants • Food and drinks • Medicines • Physical activity • Upper respiratory infections (viral)

  8. Asthma prevalence • In the United States: • More females than males have asthma. • Blacks and American Indian/Alaska natives have higher percentages of asthma than Whites, Hispanics, and Asians.

  9. Asthma prevalence, 2005

  10. Lifetime asthma diagnosis, 2005

  11. Asthma disparities • Death from asthma is 3 times more likely to occur among Blacks than Whites. • Among adults, women of all races have higher rates of illness and death from asthma than men. • Rates of hospitalization for asthma for Blacks are almost triple those for Whites.

  12. Number of asthma deaths per 100,000 population, 2003

  13. Increasing rates • Asthma rates have been increasing in the United States for both adults and children, males and females, and in the different races and ethnicities. • It is estimated that the number of people with asthma worldwide will increase by 25% in the next 15 years.

  14. Child and Adult Asthma PrevalenceUnited States, 1980-2007 • Child • Adult Lifetime Current 12-Month Source: National Health Interview Survey; CDC National Center for Health Statistics

  15. Asthma Prevalence by SexUnited States, 1980-2007 • Female • Male Lifetime 12-Month Current Source: National Health Interview Survey; CDC National Center for Health Statistics

  16. Asthma Prevalence by Race/EthnicityUnited States, 1997-2007 • Black NH • White NH • Hispanic Lifetime Current Source: National Health Interview Survey; National Center for Health Statistics

  17. Worldwide Burden of Asthma • 300 million people suffer from asthma worldwide. • 255,000 asthma deaths in 2005. • ~3,500 in the United States. • Over 80% of asthma deaths occur in low and lower-middle income countries.

  18. Treatment • While asthma cannot be cured, it can be controlled: • Medications • Long term • Quick relief • Bronchial thermoplasty • Learning to recognize one’s own triggers and taking steps to avoid them.

  19. Treatment • Medication • Long term • Inhaled corticosteroid • Leukotriene modifiers • Long-acting beta agonists • Combination inhalers

  20. Treatment • Quick relief (rescue) medications • Short-acting beta agonists • Ipratropium • Oral and intravenous corticosteroids • Bronchial thermoplasty • Recognizing, tracking, and avoiding triggers

  21. Review Questions (Developed by the Supercourse team) • What are some of the common asthma triggers? • Which age, sex, and/or racial groups see disparities in asthma prevalence rates, as well as hospitalizations and deaths? • Describe the process of asthma diagnosis.

More Related