Cellular Networks

1. Cellular Networks Presented by: Ashok Kumar J Supervised by: Tamer Nadeem CS 752/852Wireless and Mobile Networking

2. Introducing 4G US wireless carriers AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon are already using 4G • What is 4G? • Why is 4G so popular? • Is 4G going to be the next world standard? • How fast is 4G growing? • Who currently uses 4G?

3. Discussion Topics 1G 2G 3G 1G – First Generation Telecommunication System No data transmission at all 2G – Second Generation Telecommunication System Limited data transmission which increased in 2.5G 4G – Fourth Generation Telecommunication SystemCompletely out of the group 4G Underlying TechnologiesDifferent implementations of 4G by different constituents LTE and WiMAX LTE is being preferred over WIMAX 3G – Third Generation Telecommunication System Fairly High data transmission speeds 4G Differences LTE

4. 1G – First Generation Mobile Telecommunication Drawbacks • Poor security due to lack of encryption • Many different standards being used in different places • Limitation on the number of calls that could be made simultaneously • Analog Telecommunication Standard • FDMA – Transmission Technique • Hand-off and frequency reuse • No data transmission only voice transmission • First commercially automated cellular network in 1979 • Standards: AMPS, NMT, TACS, JTACS, C-450, Radiocom 2000 and RMTI

5. 2G – Second Generation Mobile Telecommunication Drawbacks • Weak digital signal may not be sufficient especially in higher frequencies • Increased dropouts • Very slow data transmission • Purely digital technology • TDMA, GSM, CDMA – operator technologies • Conversations were digitally encrypted • Introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS • Commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland in 1991 • Circuit-switched data services (HSCSD) • Greatly reduced fraud and discouraged cloned handsets • Operates from 800/900 or 1800/1900 MHz and bandwidth of 2G is 30-200 KHz

6. 2G Transitional – 2.5G, 2.75G 2.5G • Packet-switched domain in addition to the circuit-switched domain • GPRS: The first major step in the evolution of GSM networks to 3G • GPRS provides data rates of 56-114 kbps • CDMA used CDMA2000 1XRTT • CDMA data speeds of up to peak 153 kbps and generally up to 60–100 kbps GPRS • Allows 2G and 3G mobile networks to transmit IP packets to the Internet • Integrated part of the GSM network switching subsystem • GPRS core network in GSM and WCDMA provides • Mobility management • Session management • Transport for Internet Protocol packet services • Billing based on volume of data and lawful interception

7. 2.75G EDGE (has many versions) • Standardized by 3GPP as part of the GSM family • Easy upgrade to GPRS and is backward compatible • Pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition • Can be used for any packet switched application, like Internet connection • Throughput up to 236.8kbps for 4 timeslots, 473.6kbps for 8 • Widely used (441 GSM/EDGE networks in 184 countries) • Updates are still being released (latest version of EDGE… almost 3G)

8. 3G – Third Generation Mobile Telecommunication Drawbacks • No proper backward compatibility • Need to replace most broadcast towers • No formal definition – carriers used their owntechnologies toimplement 3G network • Expensive Construction and maintenance • Digital broadband packet access • UTMS(WCDMA), CDMA2000 1xEV-DO – operator technologies • Voice telephone, mobile Internet, video calls and mobile TVin a mobile. • Offers greater security than 2G • Supports up to 3.1mbps peak but general speed is 500-700kbps • 3G was relatively slow to be adopted globally • Uses different frequency spectrum than 2G • Operates at 2100MHz and bandwidth of 15-20MHz

9. 3G Transitional – 3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G HSPA(has many versions) • Amalgamation of two mobile telephony protocols • Improves the performance of existing UTMS protocols • Fairly high peak data downlink rates up to 3.6/ 7.2/ 14.4 mbps • Fairly high peak data uplink rates up to 5.76mbps • General speeds are in between 1-3mbps • Reducing the production cost per bit • Over 200 operator in more than 80 countries • Easy update to existing 3G networks. • Preferred over WiMAX, which requires a dedicated network infrastructure

10. Comparison of Generations 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G.

11. 4G – Fourth Generation Mobile Telecommunication • All IP based secured packet switched network • Voice also transmitted over IP • Supports IPv6 • Access schemes – OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MC-CDMA • Supports up to 100mbps downlink and 50mbps uplink. • Using MIMO, speed can be increased. • Technologies – LTE, WiMAX, Wi-Fi metro, HSPA+. • No formal specification – Operators making their own choices. • Verizon, Sprint, ATT, T-Mobile are offering.

12. 4G (Continued) Ressource: http://4gwirelessjobs.com/lte_wimax.htm

13. 4G (Continued) Ressource: http://4gwirelessjobs.com/lte_wimax.htm

14. 4G Technologies LTE Advanced (E-UTRAN) WiMAX Advanced • Proposed by 3GPP based on UMTS/HSPA. • OFDMA for uplink and downlink • Can be constructed using existing 3G network. • Backward compatible. • Downlink up to 100mbps and uplink up to 50mbps. • Natural upgrade to GSM/UMTS networks, can be using by CDMA networks also. • Proposed by IEEE based on WiMAX • OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. • Requires completely different network. • Backward compatible. • Bit rates up to 40mbps. • Can be used by anynetwork.

15. Resource: www.itechdiary.com/compared-wimax-versus-lte4g.html

16. Resource: http://1001-tricks.blogspot.com/2010/12/lifehacker-explains-4g-technology.html

17. Long Term Evolution - Advanced • Increased downlink and uplink peak data rates. • Scalable bandwidth and flexible bandwidth. • Improved spectral efficiency • All IP network • A standard’s based interface that can support a multitude of user types. • LTE networks are intended to bridge the functional data exchange   gap   between   very  high  data  rate   fixed wireless   Local   Area   Networks  (LAN)  and very high mobility cellular networks.

18. Questions?