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Forging the National Economy

QUICKWRITE : How did TWO of the following contribute to the reemergence of the two-party system in the period 1820 to 1840? Major political personalities States’ rights Economic issues. Forging the National Economy. 1790-1860. Creating the American Character. Westward movement continued

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Forging the National Economy

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  1. QUICKWRITE:How did TWO of the following contribute to the reemergence of the two-party system in the period 1820 to 1840?Major political personalities States’ rights Economic issues

  2. Forging the National Economy 1790-1860

  3. Creating the American Character

  4. Westward movement continued • 1850 – population center located west of Alleghenies

  5. Effects of the Wilderness • Young population constantly in motion • Importance of wealth & the constant pursuit of wealth

  6. American pioneers • Rough characters • Wilderness required hard work & left little time for slacking • Self-centered, provincial, & isolationist • “self-reliance”

  7. Contrasted with the need to work together • log-rolling & barn raising • American tall-tales & exaggeration • Boasting & bluffing (poker playing) • Gambling, drinking & fighting

  8. Effects on the Wilderness • Kentucky cane fields burned off & planted with bluegrass • Mountain men began to “trap out” the beaver in the Rocky Mountains

  9. The Buffalo • Vast herds of American Bison covered the Great Plains • Estimated pre-European herd size: • 30,000,000 to 70,000,000

  10. Buffalo hunters, trading in furs and tongues, began to kill off the great herds • Unregulated killing of bison led to the reduction of the herds to no more than 1500 individuals in the mid to late 1800

  11. Bison Range

  12. California Otter • Highly prized pelts of the Pacific Sea Otter led trappers to hunt the animals to near extinction

  13. American’s love of the Wild • Praised the unspoiled wilderness & the beauty of nature • This ideal of the idyllic came to be expressed in arts & literature

  14. George Catlin • Painter & student of the Native Americans • Wished to preserve the natural beauty of the west • Proposed the creation of National Parks

  15. George Catlin Corn Buffalo Bulls Running

  16. George Caleb Bingham Boatmen on the Missouri

  17. Fur Traders Descending on the Missouri

  18. The Hudson River Schoolby Thomas Cole

  19. Demographic Changes • Population doubling every 25 years • Population moving farther west every 10 years

  20. By 1860… • 33 states • 4th most populous country in the western world • 43 cities over 20,000

  21. American Population Centers in 1820

  22. American Population Centers in 1860

  23. Rapid urbanization led to many problems • Slums, filth, & crime • Cities slowly began to build water & sewer services

  24. Immigration tripled in the 1840’s & quadrupled in the 1850’s • Many push & pull factors brought immigrants to America

  25. National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860 Why now?

  26. Irish Immigrants • 1844 – The Potato Famine • Potato blight in Ireland led to famine & massive emigration • 1830-1860: Largest immigrant group • 2 million

  27. Irish Catholics moved to the large cities • New York & Boston • Anti-Irish prejudice • NINA: “No Irish Need Apply” • Catholic & poor

  28. Anti-Catholic riots in Philadelphia & Boston • Black & Irish relations bad • Ancient Order of Hibernians helped to get better conditions • Irish votes gained power • Tammany Hall • Many became policemen

  29. Germans • 1830-1860: 1.5 million came to America • Middle class farmers & political refugees • Moved to the Mid-West

  30. Many isolationists • Most better educated • Often abolitionists • Kindergarten, beer, & the hot dog

  31. Nativism • “Hatred of foreigners” • Anti-Catholic prejudice led to the creation of Catholic parochial schools

  32. 1849 - Order of the Star-Spangled Banner formed • Led to the creation of the American Party • “Know-Nothings” • Wanted immigration & naturalization restrictions

  33. “Citizen Know-Nothing”

  34. The Industrial Revolution

  35. 1750 – Industrial Revolution begins in Britain • Slow to arrive in America because: • Land cheap • Labor scarce

  36. Capital investment not plentiful • Raw materials undiscovered • Consumers scarce • Long established British factories more competitive • Britain had a monopoly on textile machinery

  37. Samuel Slater (1791) • “Father of the American Factory System” • Built first U.S. factory - a Textile mill in Rhode Island

  38. Eli Whitney (1793) • Invented the Cotton Gin • Made cotton profitable & slavery an institution in the South

  39. The Cotton Engine

  40. 1798 – Whitney later develops the idea of interchangeable parts which leads to mass production

  41. Rise of nationalism increased the call to “buy American” • Embargo, Non-Intercourse, & the War of 1812 increased need for American made goods

  42. Treaty of Ghent • Britain began dumping its products into America • Led to many US mills closing down • US reacts with the Tariff of 1816 & beginnings of protectionism

  43. 1814 – 1st Spinning-Weaving cloth factory built in Waltham, Mass. • Manufacturing goes from home to factory • Lowell Girls • Boston Associates

  44. Sewing Machine • Elias Howe (1846) invents the sewing machine • Later perfected by Isaac Singer

  45. 1844 - Samuel F.B. Morse invents the Telegraph & Morse Code • “What hath God wrought”

  46. The Single Current Morse Key

  47. Why New England? • Poor, rocky soil • Dense population • Shipping & seaports made importing raw materials practical • Water power from rivers

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