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Cycles

Cycles. A series of processes which return a system to its initial state Heat engine: receives heat; does work Reversed cycle: cool or heat when work done on system. Limitations. > 100% thermal efficiency Heat → cold?. Performance. Thermal efficiency Coefficient of performance Cooling

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Cycles

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  1. Cycles • A series of processes which return a system to its initial state • Heat engine: receives heat; does work • Reversed cycle: cool or heat when work done on system

  2. Limitations • > 100% thermal efficiency • Heat → cold?

  3. Performance • Thermal efficiency • Coefficient of performance • Cooling • Heating

  4. Carnot cycle • Ideal cycle • Four reversible processes • 1→ 2 reversible, adiabatic compression • 2→ 3 reversible, isothermal expansion • 3→ 4 reversible, adiabatic expansion • 4 → 1 reversible, isothermal compression

  5. Carnot cycle • Thermal efficiency • Cooling & heating

  6. Industrial cycles • Models compared to real cycles • Models compared to Carnot cycles • Heat engines • Otto: SIIC • Diesel: CIIC • Brayton: gas turbine, jet engine • Rankine: steam turbine • Reversed cycle • Air conditioning-refrigeration • Heat pump

  7. Rankine Cycle

  8. Rankine Cycle • Generate electricity • Drive major equipment • Vapor power cycle

  9. Rankine cycle • Fossil fuel • Wood • Garbage • Nuclear reaction

  10. Rankine Cycle • Water • Cheap • Available • Stable • Nontoxic • High heat capacity • High heat transfer rate

  11. Rankine cycle • Water pump • Steam generator • Turbine • Condenser

  12. Rankine cycle • Performance • Thermal efficiency • bwr • Steam rate • Heat rate

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