Cycles

1. Cycles

2. CARBON-OXYGEN CYCLE http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia//uploads/alberta/CarbonCycle.html http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html http://www.nodvin.net/snhu/SCI219/demos/Chapter_3/Chapter_03/Present/animations/51_1_2_1.html

3. Carbon and the Carbon Cycle The element carbon is a basic constituent of all living organisms. Its atoms combine easily with other atoms to form a huge variety of molecules. Some of these (carbon dioxide,bicarbonate ) have names which make it obvious they are carbon based, while others ( glucose, coal ) you just have to remember. All cells – whether animal, plant or bacteria – contain carbon because they all contain proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Plant cell walls for Example are made of cellulose, a carbohydrate. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Carbon_Cycle-animated_forest.gif

4. Carbon and the Carbon Cycle • Living organisms need carbon in order to: • Photosynthesis : Green plants get their carbon from the • carbon dioxide in the air, which enters the leaves and is used for • energy. A product of photosynthesis is glucose – another • carbon-based compound. • Eating : In animals glucose reacts with oxygen to produce energy • (with carbon dioxide as a by-product). • Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA: Carbon compounds are • essential cellular building-blocks.

5. The Carbon Cycle 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere by plants through photosynthesis. Animals eat plants, release Carbon dioxide Decomposers return carbon to abiotic factors in the environment Exchanged between the oceans and the atmosphere Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere Large portions of carbon are stored in rocks

6. OXYGEN-CARBON DIOXIDE CYCLE OXYGEN PRODUCER ANIMALS USE THE OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCER `

7. CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

8. Photosynthesis Transpiration Oxygen + water vapor Respiration CO2 oxygen DISSOLVING decay decay Formation

9. http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.htmlhttp://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.html http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html

10. The Water Cycle Evaporation On a warm, __day, water in a glass seems to slowly disappear. This is because the energy from the sun is __ the water up and turning the liquid water into water __ . This process is called ___ . When the water __ , it becomes an invisible gas in the __. Evaporation takes place all over the earth, but especially in the _ and __ where there is lots of water.

11. The Water Cycle Condensation As the water vapor rises, it cools off and _into water __. If the water vapor becomes extremely cold, it will form ice __instead of water droplets. As the water droplets or ice crystals grow bigger and more numerous, they form __.

12. The Water Cycle Precipitation If water droplets or ice crystals become too__ they can’t stay in the air. They __. Water droplets precipitate as __ and ice crystals precipitate as__ . Sometimes, the rain freezes before it hits the earth and precipitates as ___.

13. The Water Cycle Run Off This precipitation gathers into __ that flow down to the lakes and oceans. This is called __ . Not all of the water makes it back to the oceans and lakes right away. Some of it is used by animals and _. Some is frozen into __. Eventually, the animals and plants breathe the water out and the glaciers melt, releasing the water back into the water __.

14. ANIMATION: http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/

15. The Nitrogen Cycle ANIMATION OF THE NITROGEN CYCLE http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/em05_pg20_nitrogen/em05_pg20_nitrogen.html

16. The Nitrogen Cycle 78% of the air around us is Nitrogen. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins, but they cannot get it directly from the air because nitrogen gas is too stable to react inside an organism to make new compounds. So nitrogen must be changed into a more reactive form to allow plants and animals to use it. Plants can take up and use nitrogen when it is in the form of urea or ammonium salts. Changing nitrogen into a more reactive substance is called nitrogen fixation.

17. Nitrogen Fixation • The energy in a lightening bolt can split the di-atomic • molecule in the air allowing each nitrogen atom to react • with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. • These oxides are washed to the ground by the rain where • they form nitrates. • 2. The nitrogen is used by industry to produce • ammonia from nitrogen. Ammonia is used to make • fertilizer for farmers to feed their crops. • 3 and 4. Bacteria found in the soil and in the root nodules of leguminous plantsfix nitrogen into a usable form.

18. NITROGEN RETURNS Nitrogen compounds are returned to the soil By wastes and decayfrom animals or when Plants and animals die and decay. The nitrogen compounds returned in this way are changed back to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria which live in the soil thus completing the cycle.

20. CYCLES QUIZ • List 5 things producingcarbon dioxide gas. • 2. List 2 things taking in or absorbingcarbon dioxide gas. • 3. List 1 thing producing oxygen gas. • 4. List 1 thing using or taking innitrogen gas. • 5. List 1 thing producingnitrogen gas. • 6. List 3 things producing a nitrogen compound. • 7. List 5 major parts to a water cycle in sequence.