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Understanding Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Explore the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Learn about atoms, molecules, ions, and the differences between elements and compounds. Understand homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures.

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Understanding Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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  1. UNIT III Lesson 2 Classification of Matter

  2. Classification of matter

  3. Some definitions to know • A system: a part of the ________ being studied in a given situation. • A phase: part of a _______ which is uniform in both composition and properties. • Phases in a particular system are distinct____________ separated from each other by _______________ ( sometimes we use a microscope to see these boundaries).

  4. III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Atom: The smallest part of an element which retains ALL the fundamental properties of the element… Elements - contain only one type of atom 1. monatomic elements consist of 1 atom only ex: Fe, Al, Cu, He 2. polyatomic elements consist of several “like” atoms bonded together Ex: H2 O2 Br2 F2 I2 Cl2 P4

  5. III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER • A molecule is 2 or more atoms held together • If a molecule is made up of identical atoms, it is called an element. • If a molecule is made up of different atoms, it is called a compound. • Atoms are held together by electrical forces.

  6. III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Difference between an element and a compound? • First, they are both molecules (2 or more atoms) • An element is made up of the same type of atoms • A compound is made up of different types of atoms.

  7. III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER • ION: atom or molecule that possesses an electrical charge… • Sodium ion (Na+ ) • Chloride ion (Cl- ) • Nitrate ion or Nitrate ( NO3- ) • A particle: general term to describe a small bit of matter like atom, molecule, or ion.

  8. More terms to classify matter • Pure substance: unchanged, uniform properties. • Ex: salt (NaCl) has a density of 2.16 g/mL and melts at 801 C and is colourless. It is homogenous in composition too! Homogenous: consisting of only one phase. Ex: air, water, a piece of iron Heterogeneous: consisting of more than one phase. Ex: human beings, pencil, gravel.

  9. 2 types of mixtures A mixture: a system made up of 2 or more substances, and the amounts can be different/varied. Ex: salt dissolved in water. If a mixture is heterogeneous, it is called a mechanical mixture Ex: sand, iron filings with sulphur

  10. Mixture or compound video … Iron filings and sulphur http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cL6I1O1YHH0

  11. 2 types of mixtures If a mixture is homogenous, it is called a solution. gas-in-gas  our air (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) gas-in-liquid  soda, pop cans. liquid-in-liquid  alcohol and water THEY LOOK LIKE THERE ARE ONE THING…

  12. page 50: Classifying substances scheme*

  13. III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER • A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances • A solvent: the component in a solution that exists in greater amounts. • A solute: the component in a solution that exists in lesser amounts

  14. III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

  15. III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER • *Aqueous solutions are solutions where the solvent is water. The subscript (aq) indicates that a compound is in aqueous solution. • * When water exists in solution, we call water the solvent EVEN if it exists in LESSER quantity.

  16. HomeWork for Monday ( for marks ) • QUESTIONS: p. 52 #33 - 44

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