Some Sunny Tidbits…

1. Some Sunny Tidbits… • One square meter of south facing window will produce as much power as an electric baseboard heater. • 10% of the space heating needs of the average Canadian home is already supplied by solar energy • Regina receives more solar energy year-round than Rome • The 1st solar heaters in Canada were installed in the 1890s • The solar energy falling on 15 km2 of land in southern Alberta equals the entire power capacity of all the nuclear power plants in Canada • Solar energy is now a $15 billion industry worldwide • Solar will be providing 10% of Germany’s peak power requirements by 2015 (no more coal!)

2. Turning Ontario’s Roofs into Green GeneratorsRob McMonagle – Toronto Atmospheric Fund April 30, 2010

3. A Roadmap to the next 90 minutes • Some solar myths • Solar technologies - as different as night and day • Toronto and solar • A little more on photovoltaics • Having a FIT over GEGEA - no its not about having a fit over Lady Gaga • Installing solar on roofs - challenges and opportunities

4. Myth #1: Canada does not have enough sunlight

5. Canada’s Solar Resource is One of the Best in Industrialized Nations

6. Toronto Beats out Miami in the Summer

7. Myth #2: Solar is an expensive energy source

8. Solar is the Cheapest Energy Source for the Consumer

9. Sales are Growing – Prices are Dropping

10. PV & Electricity Pricing Crossover in Ontario Price crossover 2012 - 2018

11. Daily Power Peak and Solar Energy • The price of electricity at peak capacity can be > $0.42 per kWh

12. Solar Technologies One energy source but three distinct technologies

13. Solar Technologies • Passive solar – natural energy flow into a building • Solar Thermal – generation of heat • Photovoltaics – direct creation of electricity

14. Solar Has Public Support GPC Research – Public Opinion Poll – Oct 05

15. Global Renewable Energy Historic Growth 30% 20% 40%

16. Solar Thermal Installed Capacity (2001) (Source: IEA) 16th out of 26 reporting nations Sales are 23% of the international average Note: Israel (457), Austria (205) & Greece (190) not shown

17. Solar Commercial Water Heating • Only support by the Canada government for solar is for solar thermal commercial & industrial applications (but growing into the residential…)

18. Solar Domestic Hot Water • Can provide 45% of hot water needs in Toronto • Typical cost is $4,000-$5,000 for average house • Currently 200-300 systems installed per year in Canada – mainly as retrofits • Residential is the largest market for solar – but ignored in Canada until recently • Huge opportunities for growth in this sector

19. Other Solar Water Heating Applications • Combi Systems • Radiant floor heating • Combining with other heat sources (earth energy – recharging during the summer) • Building Integrated • Displaces cost of building structure in new buildings • Cost of solar collectors comparable to high cost curtain walls

20. Solar Air Heating • Canada is a world leader in this technology • Commercial and industrial applications use a tremendous amount of “make up air” • If integrated into the design of a new building there is no additional cost World’s Largest Solar Collector – Bombardier’s Canadair Assembly Plant – Ville St-Laurent, QC

21. Solar Pool Heating • Average pool takes more energy to heat in the summer than it takes to heat the home in the winter • Average pool costs $3,000 to “solarize” • Average savings = $1,000 per year • 600,000 swimming pools in Canada

22. PV Installed Capacity Canada: - 14th of 20 reporting nations - Only 28% of the IEA average (0.28 v.s. 1.0 watts/capita) International growth was 36% in 2003 - Canada growth rate is20%

23. Off Grid PV • Remote Homes • 50,000 remote cabins & cottages powered by solar Canada • Remote Power • Farmers – livestock, water pumping • Canadian Coast Guard was a world leader in using PV

24. PV on the Grid • This market is only beginning in Canada • 100 home systems installed per year • Biggest market and the greatest potential • More on this later

26. Toronto’s Interest in Solar energy

27. Toronto is investing in its Renewable Energy Future • Solar on municipal buildings • 28 systems installed so far • PV • Solar Hot Water • Solar Pool Heating • Solar Air Heating • Plus other renewable technologies • Geo-energy & Deep Lake Water Cooling • Wind generators (ground mount and on buildings)

28. Solar Air Heating

29. Photovoltaics

30. Solar Pool Heating

31. Solar Hot Water

32. Toronto Solar Neighbourhoods Pilot– the Highest Density of SDHW Systems in Canada • Pilot in 1 ward • Toronto has 44 • 100 SDHW systems sold • 1 in every 150 homes (100/15,000) • If we did this in all of Toronto • 4,400 systems sales • National Average Sales in Canada – 400 – 1,000 per year

33. Photovoltaics – Solar Electricity The only true electrical generator … [moving us out of the steam engine era]

34. International Deployment of PV 78 % On grid Source: IEA (www.iea-pvps.org)

35. Photovoltaics (or PV) • Photovoltaics can be installed: • As part of the building • On the ground • On the roof

36. Building Integrated Solar PV • Reduces cost by 50 – 100% • Eliminates other building materials • The building becomes the power supply • PV can be comparable in price to high-end glazing and curtain wall materials • Result – modern design, a green statement, and energy savings • Opportunities Galore!

37. Solar can be added in different parts of the building shell

38. Curtain Walls • Modules are frameless which make them easy to fit into conventional building encasement systems

39. Overhead Glazing                                    <> • Architectural elements can be made functional with the addition of PV glazing • Skylights made from solar modules manage light and reduce energy bills

40. Façade Glazing • Thin Film PV technology is available with varying degrees of translucence – from opaque to transparent • Applied as the front piece of a glazing system • So you can see out of them and they produce electricity! • Crystalline Silicon can be laminated between glazing material to form unique patterns

41. Building Components • Building Components: • awnings • balcony railings

42. Cost of Façade Products vs. PV • Cost of PV is comparable to cost of building facades • Cost of other solar technologies is considerable less ($/m2 & $/kWt)

43. Solar Farms and Solar Parks • Challenges with large ground mounted PV • Cost of land • NIMBYism – does it take away farm land? • But why aren’t we complaining about urban sprawl? • Its takes away the primary advantage of PV • Distributed generation • Close to demand – which eliminates infrastructure costs

44. However the majority of sales will be on roofs • Expereince in Europe is it’s all on the roof (89%)

45. The Green Energy and Green Economy (GEGE) Act and Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs) Shedding a little light on the situation …

46. Electricity - We’re Heading for the Perfect Storm • Aging Fleet of Generators • Replacement should have started a decade ago • Most Power Stations take 5-15 years to construct • Aging Distribution System • Replacement should have started a decade ago • Costs are huge (but not talked about) • Energy Demand is Increasing • Air conditioning, increased usage, growing population • Growing Demand for Natural Gas • Beginning to use NG for thermal and electricity • Our economy is driven by NG • And let’s not forget about climate change

47. Climate Change will Increase the Number of Hot Days in Toronto 1. A Scan of Climate Change Impacts on Toronto – Clean Air Partnership

48. Electrical Peaks will Increase • Electricity Demand vs Daily Temperature Electricity demand decreases as air temperature rises until the point at which air conditioners kick it Source: Liu 2003 – 1994-2000 Toronto data

49. Air Conditioners in Ontario • Ontario has the greatest # of central A/C • While more efficient than window units they consume more energy (whole house vs. single room)

50. Ontario’s Electrical Demand Peaks in the Summer source: Ontario IESO