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Threat of Sunshine

The Dangers of Solar Storms and Solar Cycles. Threat of Sunshine. The Sun. Radius = 696,000 km Mass = 2E30 kg Luminosity = 3.8E26 W Rotation Rate 25 days at the equator and 30 days at the poles Surface Temp 5,800 K average, 4,000 K sunspots (Ref 1). The Sun: Fusion.

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Threat of Sunshine

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  1. The Dangers of Solar Storms and Solar Cycles Threat of Sunshine

  2. The Sun • Radius = 696,000 km • Mass = 2E30 kg • Luminosity = 3.8E26 W • Rotation Rate • 25 days at the equator and 30 days at the poles • Surface Temp • 5,800 K average, 4,000 K sunspots (Ref 1)

  3. The Sun: Fusion • Nuclear fusion is the source of all the energy released by the sun • Steady fusion rates maintain a steady luminosity • Hydrogen fusion is the primary mechanism • P-P chain • CNO cycle (Content: Ref 13) (Image: Ref 10)

  4. The Sun: Composition • For every 1 million atoms of hydrogen in the entire sun • 98,000 atoms of helium • 850 of oxygen • 360 of carbon • 120 of neon • 110 of nitrogen • 40 of magnesium • 35 of silicon • 35 of iron (Content: Ref 13) (Image: Ref 11)

  5. The Sun • Plasma • Gas whose temperature is so hot it becomes sensitive to magnetism • Ionized due to high temperatures • Most energy is lost to electromagnetic radiation • Visible light • Infrared (Ref 13)

  6. The Sun: Energy Output • Particle radiation also emits energy • Flares and coronal mass ejections release intense concentrations of energetic particles • Hazardous to astronauts in orbit and satellites (Content: Ref 13) (Image: Ref 12)

  7. References • Bennett, Jeffery, Donahue, Megan, Schneider, Nicholas, Voit, Mark, The Cosmic Perspective, 2007 Pearson Education Inc, San Franscisco CA, p.477-496 • Pacella, Rena Marie. “Anatomy of a Solar Storm.” Popular Science. May 2007. <http://www.popsci.com/popsci/aviationspace/7250d257d5ed2110vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html>. • Phillips, Tony. “Solar Storm Warning.” NASA. 15 March, 2006. 9 October, 2007. <http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/10mar_stormwarning.html >. • “SOHO Fact Sheet.” European Space Agency. 30 June, 2003. 4 December, 2007. <http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/about/docs/SOHO_Fact_Sheet.pdf>.

  8. References • Phillips, Tony. “Solar Storm Warning.” NASA. 15 March, 2006. 9 October, 2007. <http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/10mar_stormwarning.html>. • Odenwald, Sten. “Solar Storms.” Washington Post. 10 March, 1999. 17 October, 2007. <http://solar.physics.montana.edu/press/WashPost/Horizon/196l-031099-idx.html>. • “STEREO - Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory.” NASA. 25 September, 2007. 4 December, 2007. <http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/img/mpb.pdf>. • Roth, M. “Future missions for helioseismology.” Modern Solar Facilities – Advanced Solar Science, 85–88. 4 December, 2007. <http://www.mps.mpg.de/projects/seismo/papers/goe_roth.pdf>. 25-Sep-2007

  9. References • Phillips, Tony PhD “Who’s Afraid of a Solar Flare?” NASA Science. October 2005. <http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/07oct_afraid.htm>. • http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/teaching/a250/pp.html • http://webusers.astro.umn.edu/~larry/CLASS/AST2001/pre2007/massive_star_struct.jpg • http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/soho_top10_winners_031125-2.html • http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/sun_worldbook.html#backToTop 25-Sep-2007

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