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LEBANON

LEBANON. LEBANON. BY BERİVAN ESMER. BY BERİVAN ESMER. Lebanon is a country in Western Asia , on the eastern shore of the Mediterrannean Sea . It is bordered by Syria to the north and east , and Israel to the south . .

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LEBANON

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  1. LEBANON LEBANON BY BERİVAN ESMER BY BERİVAN ESMER

  2. Lebanon is a countryin Western Asia, on theeasternshore of theMediterranneanSea.It is borderedbySyriatothenorthandeast, andIsraeltothesouth.

  3. Theearliestevidenceof civilization in Lebanondatesbackmorethan 7,000 years—predatingrecordedhistory.Lebanonwasthehome of thePhoenicians, a maritimeculturethatflourishedfornearly 2,500 years (3000–539 BC). Followingthecollapse of theOttomanEmpireafterWorldWar I, thefiveprovincesthatcomprise modern LebanonweremandatedtoFrance.TheFrenchexpandedthebordersof MountLebanon,whichwasmostlypopulatedbyMaroniteCatholicsandDruze, toincludemoreMuslims. Lebanongainedindependence in 1943, andestablished a uniquepoliticalsystem, known as confessionalism, a power-sharingmechanismbased on religiouscommunities. Frenchtroopswithdrew in 1946

  4. Capital:Beirut • Population:4.125.247 • Oficiallanguage:Arabic • Spokenlanguages:Arabic,French,English,Armenian • Ethnicgroups:% 95 Arabs, %4 Armenian, %1 others • Religious:% 59.7 Muslim, %39 Chiristian, %13 others • Government:parlimentaryrepublic, confessionalism • IndependencefromFrance • Declared: 26 November 1941 • Recognized:22 November 1943

  5. GovermentandPolitics • Lebanon is a parliamentarydemocracy,whichimplements a specialsystemknown as confessionalism.Thissystem is intendedtodetersectarianconflictandattemptstofairlyrepresentthedemographicdistribution of the 18 recognizedreligiousgroups in government. • Lebanon'snationallegislature is theunicameralParliamentof Lebanon. Its 128 seatsaredividedequallybetweenChristiansandMuslims.

  6. Theparliamentelectsthepresidentfor a non-renewablesix-yeartermby a two-thirdmajority. Thepresidentappointsthe Prime Minister,followingconsultationswiththeparliament. ThePresidentandthe Prime Minister form theCabinet

  7. GovernoratesandDistricts • Lebanon is dividedintosixgovernorateswhicharefurthersubdividedintotwenty-fivedistricts. • Beirut , Nabatieh, Beqaa, North, MountLebanon, South Governorates.

  8. ECONOMY • AlthoughLebanon is ideallysuitedforagriculturalactivities in terms of wateravailabilityandsoilfertilityshedoes not have a largeagricultualsector. • IndustryınLebanon is mainlylimitedtosmallbusinessthatreassembleandpackageimportedparts. • Tourismandbankingsectorthemostimportantpillar of theLebannesseeconomy.

  9. LEBANESE CİVİL WAR MAJOR MİLİTAS: 1-Chiristianmilitas 2-Shi’amilitas 3-Sunnimilitas 4-DruzeProgressiveSocialistParty 5-Non-religiousgroups 6-Palestians

  10. THE FİRST PHASE:1975-77 • Secreterianviolanceandcivilianmassacres • Karantina massacre • Damourmassacre • Tel al Zaatarmassacre • Syrianintervention

  11. THE SECOND PHASE:1977-82 • IsraelıntervenesınsouthLebanon,1978 • OperationLitani • Securityzone • ConflictsbetweenSyriaandPhalange • Israelibombing of Beirut • Israel-PLO securtysituation

  12. THİRD PHASE:1982-83 • Israeliinvasion of Lebanon • Siege of Beirut • Negotationsfor a cease fire • Internationalintervention • Sabra andShataliamassacre • 17 May Agreement

  13. FOURTH PHASE 1984-1990 • Worseningconflictandpoliticalcrisis • Aoungovernment • Aoun’swar of liberation • TaifAgreement • Infighting in East Beirut

  14. SOUTH LEBANON CONFLİCT (1982–2000) • TheSouth Lebanonconflictreferstonearly 20 years of warfarebetweentheIsraelDefenseForceanditsLebaneseproxymilitiaswithLebanesemuslimguerilla, ledbyIranian-backedHizbollahwithinwhatwasdefinedbyIsraelis as the "SecurityZone" in South Lebanon • South Lebanonconflict can be seen as a part of theLebaneseCivilWar. A keydifference is thatthewhiletheCivilWar set LebaneseagainstotherLebanese, themajority of fighting in South LebanonprimarilypittedLebaneseHizbollahfightingagainsttheIsraeliarmy

  15. -In 1982 Israeloccupied South Lebanon.Shefacedthere a strongresistance of Hizbollah ha supportfromSyriaand Iran.Bothpartiesusedmore modern weaponary.So,Israelwithdraw in 2000. -As a result of thewithdrawal, Hezbollah had militaryandcivilcontrol of thesouthernpart of Lebanon

  16. CEDAR REVOLUTİON • Itwas a chain of demonstrations in Lebanontriggeredbytheassosination of theformerLebannese Prime MinisterRafik Hariri on February 14,2005 • Theprimarygoals of theoriginalactivistswerethewithdrawal of SyriantroopsfromLebanonandthereplacement of a governmentheavilyinfluencedbySyrianinterestswithmoreindependentleadership

  17. Goals • Themaingoal of thecedarrevolutionwastheending of theSyrianmilitaryoccupation of Lebanonwhich had lastedabout 30 years (since 1976). Inaddition, manyLebanesecalledforthereturn of former Prime MinisterMichelAoun, in exile since 1991, andtherelease of theimprisonedLebaneseForcesleaderSamirGeageaas a goal of therevolution. • Somegoalswhoseaccomplishment is sometimescited in orderfortherevolutiontoendinclude: • UnitingallLebanese in theirfightforfreedomandindependence • OustingKarami'sPro-Syrianregime • FiringthesixLebanesecommanders of thenation'smainsecurityservicesalongwiththeStateProsecutor

  18. Executingthecompletewithdrawal of theSyriantroopsandtheirsecurityservicesfromLebanon • Unmaskingthekillers of former Prime MinisterRafik Hariri • Runningfreeanddemocraticparliamentelections in spring 2005 freefromSyrianinterference

  19. 2006LebanonWar • The2006 LebanonWar, alsocalledthe2006 Israel-HezbollahWarandknown in Lebanon as theJulyWarand in Israel as theSecondLebanonWarwasa 34-daymilitaryconflict in LebanonandnorthernIsrael. TheprincipalpartieswereHezbollahparamilitaryforcesandtheIsaelimilitary. Theconflictstarted on 12 July 2006, andcontinueduntil a United Nations-brokeredceasefirewentintoeffect in themorning on 14 August 2006, though it formallyended on 8 September 2006 whenIsraellifteditsnavalblockade of Lebanon

  20. 2010 Israel–LebanonBorderClash • The2010 Israel–Lebanonborderclashoccurred on August 3, 2010, whenLebaneseArmedForces (LAF) snipersopened fire on an IsraelDefenseForces (IDF) observation post when an IDF teamattemptedtocutdown a tree on theIsraeliside of theBlueLine

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