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Tourism in Lebanon

Tourism in Lebanon. World Heritage Sites. Anjar.

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Tourism in Lebanon

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  1. Tourism in Lebanon World Heritage Sites

  2. Anjar • Inscribed as a world heritage site in 1984, Anjar was a commercial center for Levantine trade routes. At only 1,300 years old, Anjar is one of Lebanon's newer archaeological sites.It was founded by the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid ibn Abdel Malek (in the beginning of the 8th century) and takes its name from the Arabic Ain Gerrah meaning "the source of Gerrah", related to the Umayyad stronghold founded in the same era. • The city's wide avenues are lined with mosques, palaces, baths, storehouses, and residences. The city ruins cover 114,000 square meters and are surrounded by large, fortified stone walls, over two meters thick and seven meters high. The rectangular city design is based on Roman city planning and architecture, with stonework and other features borrowed from the Byzantines. • Two large avenues – the 20-meter-wide Cardo Maximus, running north to south, and the Decumanus Maximus, running east to west – divide the city into four quadrants. At the crossroads in the center of the city, four great tetrapylons mark the four corners of the intersection. Tetrapylon at the center of the city of Anjar

  3. Baalbeck • During the Phoenician era, Baalbek was a small village where a triad of fertility gods were worshiped ( Baal-Shamash, Anat, and Aliyan). Little remains of the Phoenician structures of the city which was later named Heliopolis under the Hellenistic rule and extensively rebuilt by the Romans. After the arrival of the Romans to Phoenicia in 64 B.C., the city was transformed to a celebrated sanctuary where a Romanized triad of gods was worshiped (Jupiter, Venus and Mercury) and it was overlaid during a period of two centuries by a series of colossal temples. Modern-day visitors to Baalbek can enter the site through the grand Roman propylaea and walk through the two large colonnaded courtyards to reach the complex's great temples: • The Temple of Bacchus is the best-preserved Roman temple in the Middle East. Although smaller than the Temple of Jupiter, the Temple of Bacchus is still larger than the Parthenon in Athens. The dedication and purpose of this temple, and its relationship to the rest of the temple complex, remain a mystery. • Baalbek was inscribed as a world heritage site in 1984. Roman temple of Bacchus in Baalbeck

  4. Byblos • Byblos was inscribed as a world heritage site in 1984. Inhabited since the Neolithic age, it witnessed the arrival of successive civilizations, from Phoenicians and Crusaders to Ottoman Turks. Byblos is a historical Mediterranean region dating back thousands of years and closely associated with the spread of the Phoenician alphabet. • The main touristic sites in Byblos: • Ancient Phoenician Temples, that include the Great Temple or L-Shaped temple, Temple of Baalat Gebal, and the Temple of the Obelisks. • Byblos Castle, a 12th century Crusader castle located near the port. • Byblos Mosque, considered to be the oldest mosque in the world. • Medieval City Wall • Byblos Wax Museum • St John the Baptist Church, a Crusader church built in 1150. • Byblos Fossil Museum • Historic Quarter and Souks, near the entrance of the archaeological site. The Byblos port

  5. Qadisha Valley and Cedars Forest • Inscribed as a world heritage site in 1998, the Qadisha Valley and Cedars Forest (also known as the Forest of the Cedars of God) are considered to be of significant importance. The Qadisha valley was a settlement of early Christian monasticism, situated in a rugged landscape north of the Western Mountain Range of Lebanon. Near the valley lies the Cedars forest, a nature reserve dedicated for the preservation of the last Cedar trees, used in antiquity for the construction of Phoenician boats and religious buildings. • List of monasteries in the Qadisha Valley: • The Qannubin Monastery, the oldest of the Maronite monasteries in the valley. • The Monastery of St Anthony of Qozhaya, traditionally founded in the 4th century by St Hilarion. • The Monastery of Our Lady of Hawqa, founded in the late 13th century by villagers from Hawqa. • The Monastery of Mar Sarkis, Ehden, successively built in the 8th century, 1198 and 1690. • The Monastery of Mar Lishaa, comprising a Maronite solitary order and a Barefoot Carmelite order. View of the Kadisha Valley and the Cedars Forest in the background

  6. Tyre • Tyre was inscribed as a world heritage site in 1984. It was the birthplace of the purple dye known as Tyrian purple and had founded several colonies in the Mediterranean such as Carthage and Cadiz. Many civilizations successively settled in Tyre from Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans to Crusaders and Ottoman Turks. Today, there are still many valuable remains mainly from the Roman era. • Major archaeological sites in Tyre: • Al-Bass site, having a three bay monumental arch, an extensive necropolis and a large hippodrome (all dating from the 2nd century AD to the 6th century AD). • City site, in the old Phoenician island city, it consists of colonnades, public baths, mosaics, streets, a vast district of civic buildings and a rectangular arena. The Triumphal Arch in Tyre, Lebanon

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