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Future precision neutrino experiments and their theoretical implications

Future precision neutrino experiments and their theoretical implications. Matter to the deepest Ustron, Poland September 6, 2007 Walter Winter Universität Würzburg. Contents. Introduction Future neutrino oscillation experiments What are these experiments good for?

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Future precision neutrino experiments and their theoretical implications

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  1. Future precision neutrino experiments and their theoretical implications Matter to the deepest Ustron, Poland September 6, 2007Walter Winter Universität Würzburg

  2. Contents • Introduction • Future neutrino oscillation experiments • What are these experiments good for? • Testing the theory space: One example • Summary US2007 - Walter Winter

  3. Three flavor neutrino oscillations(the “standard” picture) Atmosphericoscillations:Amplitude: q23Frequency: Dm312 Two large mixing angles!Dm212 << Dm312 Solaroscillations:Amplitude: q12Frequency: Dm212 Coupling strength: q13 Suppressed effect: dCP (Super-K, 1998;Chooz, 1999; SNO 2001+2002; KamLAND 2002) Only upper bound so far!Key to CP violationin the lepton sector! Does this parameter explain the baryon asymmetry? US2007 - Walter Winter

  4. A multi-detector reactor experiment… for a “clean” measurement of q13 Identical detectors, L ~ 1.1-1.7 km Daya Baysize Unknownsystematics important for large luminosity NB: No sensitivity to dCP andmass hierarchy! Double Choozsize (Minakata et al, 2002;Huber, Lindner, Schwetz, Winter, 2003) US2007 - Walter Winter

  5. On the way to precision:Neutrino Beams nb? Accelerator-based neutrinosource na Far detector Often: near detector (measures flux times cross sections) Baseline: L ~ E/Dm2 (Osc. length) US2007 - Walter Winter

  6. Example: MINOS See also Kielczewska‘s talk! • Measurement of atmosphericparameters with high precision • Flavor conversion ? Fermilab - SoudanL ~ 735 km Beam line Near detector: 980 t Far detector: 5400 t 735 km US2007 - Walter Winter

  7. The hunt for q13 • Example scenario; bands reflect unknown dCP • New generation of experiments dominates quickly! • Neutrino factory:Uses muon decaysm nm + ne + eReach down to sin22q13 ~ 10-5 -10-4 (~ osc. amplitude!) GLoBES 2005 (from: FNAL Proton Driver Study) US2007 - Walter Winter

  8. IDS-NF launched at NuFact 07International design study for a neutrino factory • Successor of the International Scoping Study for a „future neutrino factory and superbeam facility“:Physics case made in physics WG report (~368 pp) http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/ids • Initiative from ~ 2007-2012 to present a design report, schedule, cost estimate, risk assessment for a neutrino factory • In Europe: Close connection to „Euronus“ proposal within the FP 07; currently ranked #1, negotiating contract • In the US: „Muon collider task force“How can a neutrino factory be „upgraded“ to a muon collider? US2007 - Walter Winter

  9. Appearance channels: nmne • Complicated, but all relevant information there: q13, dCP, mass hierarchy (via A) (Cervera et al. 2000; Freund, 2001; Akhmedov et al., 2004) US2007 - Walter Winter

  10. Problems with degeneracies • Connected (green) or disconnected (yellow) degenerate solutions in parameter space • Affect measurementsExample: q13-sensitivity • Discrete degeneracies: (d,q13)-degeneracy(Burguet-Castell et al, 2001)sgn-degeneracy (Minakata, Nunokawa, 2001)(q23,p/2-q23)-degeneracy (Fogli, Lisi, 1996) (Huber, Lindner, Winter, 2002) US2007 - Walter Winter

  11. Resolving degeneraciesExample: „Magic“ baseline for NF • L= ~ 4000 km (CP) + ~7500 km (degs) today baseline configuration of a neutrino factory (ISS study, 2006) (Huber, Winter, 2003) US2007 - Walter Winter

  12. Why these measurements? • Mass models describe masses and mixings by symmetries, GUTs, anarchy arguments, etc. • Predictions for q13, q23-p/4, mass hierarchy, etc. • Example: Literature research for q13 Experimentsprovide importanthints for theory Peak generic or biased? (Albright, Chen, 2006) US2007 - Walter Winter

  13. Systematic model building Connection to observables Diag.,many d.o.f. • A conventional approach: Theory(e.g. GUT,flavor symmetry) Yukawacouplingstructure Fit (orderone coeff.)to data!? • Bottom-up approach: Model m : 1 Texture 1 : n Realization Theory(e.g. flavor symmetry) Yukawacouplingstructure Yukawacouplingswith orderone coeff. Genericassumptions(e.g. QLC) No diag.,reduce d.o.f. by knowledge on data US2007 - Walter Winter

  14. Benefits of bottom-up approach Very genericassumptions Automatedprocedure:generate allpossibilities Select solutionscompatible with data Interpretation/analysis Key features: • Construct all possibilities given a set of generic assumptions  New textures, models, etc. • Learn something about parameter space Spin-off: Learn how experiments can most efficiently test this parameter space! Cannot foresee the outcome! Low bias!? US2007 - Walter Winter

  15. Example: Quark-lepton unification? • Phenomenological hint e.g.(„Quark-Lepton-Complementarity“ - QLC)(Petcov, Smirnov, 1993; Smirnov, 2004; Raidal, 2004; Minakata, Smirnov, 2004; others) • Is there one quantity e ~ qCwhich describes all mixings and hierarchies? • Remnant of a unified theory? E Unified theory e Symmetrybreaking(s) e e LeptonSector QuarkSector US2007 - Walter Winter

  16. Manifestation of e ~ 0.2 • Mass hierarchies of quarks/charged leptons: mu:mc:mt=e6:e4:1, md:ms:mb=e4:e2:1, me:mm:mt=e4:e2:1 • Neutrino masses: m1:m2:m3~e2:e:1, 1:1:e oder 1:1:1 • Mixings UPMNS ~ VCKM+Ubimax ? VCKM ~ Combination ofe and max. mixings? Generic assumption! US2007 - Walter Winter

  17. Extended QLC in the 3x3-case Charged lepton mass terms Effective neutrino mass terms • Generate all possible (real, std. param.) Ul, Unwith mixing angles (262.144) • Calculate UPMNS and read off mixing angles;select only realizations compatible with data (2.468) • Calculate mass matrices using eigenvalues from last slideand determine leading order coeff. a few Textures • No diagonalization necessary cf., CC (interaction) Rotates left-handedfields Do not rotate away Ul because you would change your symmetry base! Cutoff givenby current precision ~ e2 US2007 - Walter Winter

  18. New textures from extended QLC • New sum rules and systematic classificationof textures • Example: „Diamond“ textureswith new sum rules, such as(includes coefficients from underlying realizations)Can be obtainedfrom two large mixing angles in the lepton sector! (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, hep-ph/0612169) US2007 - Walter Winter

  19. Distribution of observables • Parameter space analysis based on realizations • Large q13 preferred • Compared to the GUT literature:Some realizations with very small sin22q13 ~3.3 10-5 (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, hep-ph/0612169) US2007 - Walter Winter

  20. The seesaw in extended QLC Generate allmixing angles andhierarchies byOnly real cases! (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, arXiv:0707.2379) US2007 - Walter Winter

  21. See-saw statistics (NH)… based on realizations • Often: Mild hierarchies in MR foundResonant leptogenesis?Flavor effects? • Charged lepton mixing is, in general, not small! • Special cases rare, except from MR ~ diagonal! (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, arXiv:0707.2379) US2007 - Walter Winter

  22. Seesaw-Textures (NH, q13 small) • Obtain 1981 texture sets {Ml, MD, MR} (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, arXiv:0707.2379; http://theorie.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~winter/Resources/SeeSawTex/) x = 0, e2 US2007 - Walter Winter

  23. Outlook: Towards model building Our 1981 textures • Example:Froggatt-Nielsenmechanism(e=v/MFv: universal VEVs breaking theflavor symmetry, MF: super-heavyfermion masses)Use M-fold ZN productflavor symmetry • e-powers are determined by flavor symmetry quantum numbers of left- and right-handed fermions! • How much complexity is actually needed toreproduce our textures? Depends on structurein textures! Systematic test ofall possible charge assignments! PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, in preparation) US2007 - Walter Winter

  24. One example • Z5 x Z4 x Z3 • Case 205, Texture 1679(http://theorie.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~winter/Resources/SeeSawTex/) • Quantum numbers (example):n1c, n2c, n3c: (1,0,1), (0,3,2), (3,3,0)l1, l2, l3: (4,3,2), (0,1,0), (0,2,2)e1c, e2c, e3c: (3,0,2), (2,0,2), (1,2,0) • Realization: can e.g. be realized with (q12,q13,q23) ~ (33o,0.2o,52o) Absorb overallscaling factor inabsolute scale!0 ~ e3, e4, …! (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, in preparation) US2007 - Walter Winter

  25. Summary • There are many open neutrino questions, such as the connection between dCP and baryogenesis • Future experiments may test sin22q13 down to ~ 10-5 and measure dCP at the level of about 10 degrees (1s, for sin22q13 = 10-3) • We parameterize UPMNS in the same way as VCKM What can we learn from a comparison? • One may learn about the theory space and distributions of observables from „automated model building“ using generic assumptions • Extended QLC is one such assumption which connects neutrino physics with the quark sector via e ~ qC US2007 - Walter Winter

  26. Backup

  27. Neutrino factory • Ultimate “high precision” instrument!? • Muon decays in straight sections of storage ring • Technical challenges: Target power, muon cooling, charge identification, maybe steep decay tunnels Decays Target Cooling m-Accelerator m n p p, K m “Wrong sign” “Right sign” “Wrong sign” “Right sign” (from: CERN Yellow Report ) (Geer, 1997; de Rujula, Gavela, Hernandez, 1998; Cervera et al, 2000) US2007 - Walter Winter

  28. NF precision measurements dCP precision q13 precision 3s dCP dep. (Huber, Lindner, Winter, 2004) (Gandhi, Winter, 2006) US2007 - Walter Winter

  29. How exps affect this parameter space • Strong pressure from q13 and q12 measurements • q12 can emerge as a combination between maximal mixing and qC!  „Extended“ QLC (Plentinger, Seidl, Winter, hep-ph/0612169) US2007 - Walter Winter

  30. Introducing complex phases (Ul ≠ 1) • Vary all complex phases with uniform distributions • Calculate all validrealizations andtextures (n:1) Landscape interpretation withsome flavor structure?(see e.g. Hall, Salem, Watari, 2007) • Want ~qC-precision(~12o) for dCP? PRELIMINARY (Winter, in preparation) US2007 - Walter Winter

  31. Distributions in the q13-dCP-plane • delta ~ theta_C necessary! PRELIMINARY (Winter, in preparation) Clusters contain 50% of all realizations of one texture US2007 - Walter Winter

  32. Low-energy Lagrangian for lepton masses Block-diag. Charged leptonmass terms Effective neutrinomass terms cf., CC interaction Rotates left-handedfields US2007 - Walter Winter

  33. US2007 - Walter Winter

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