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Italy in 1815

Italy in 1815. North Controlled by Austria South controlled by Spain Central Italy controlled by the Pope Only Sardinia & Piedmont ruled by an Italian family . Giuseppe Mazzini – The Soul. Vision of a United Italy free from foreign influence. Founds a nationalist group called ‘Young Italy’.

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Italy in 1815

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  1. Italy in 1815 • North Controlled by Austria • South controlled by Spain • Central Italy controlled by the Pope • Only Sardinia & Piedmont ruled by an Italian family

  2. Giuseppe Mazzini – The Soul Vision of a United Italy free from foreign influence. Founds a nationalist group called ‘Young Italy’. Garibaldi becomes one of his followers.

  3. Garibaldi – The Sword • Member of Young Italy • Soldier • Lead leads a volunteer army called the Red Shirts

  4. 1848 Revolutions • Starts in France because of discontent over the government. • Spreads to other European countries including Italy. • Mazzini (already exiled) and Garibaldi leap on the chance and to encourage a popular uprising.

  5. The outcome • Uprising crushed everywhere including Italy. • Garibaldi goes into exile. • Some reforms did happen, but they were then taken away or not implemented successfully.

  6. Sardinia was the only place where reforms survived under their new King Victor Emmanuel

  7. Camilio Cavour – The Brain • Desired a united Italy under Sardinian leadership • Saw that Mazzini’s use of popular uprising hadn’t worked. • New strategy • Leads the modernisation of Sardinia • Realpolitik

  8. Realpolitik • Making decisions based on practical & realistic factors rather than ideas. • Its sole principle advancement of the national interest • How to get Austria out of Italy?

  9. Pact of Plombières • Cavour make a secret deal with France • France will support Sardinia if Austria declares war on them. • France gets Savoy and Nice • Sardinia to get Lombardy and Venetia.

  10. What happened next? • France backs down • Afraid of a united Italy • Threat of intervention of Prussia. • Sardinia gets Lombardy but not Venetia • France gets nothing. • Soon after Tuscany, Parma, Modena and parts of the Papal states and become United Provinces of Central Italy.

  11. Four to go! • Venetia, Papal states, Piedmont-Sardinia & the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. • United Provinces of Central Italy ask to be annexed by Sardinia. • Cavour makes a deal with France. Savoy & Nice for U.P.C. • Victor Emmanuel assumes title of King of Italy. • 3 to go!

  12. Garibaldi – The Sword • Revolt in Sicily • Garibaldi returns angry at Nice being given to French. • Cavour diverts his attention to Sicily. • Liberates the Kingdom of the two Sicily’s with his army of Red Shirts. (2 to go!) • Cavour, worried that Garibaldi would want to become King of Italy, sends his troops to take the remaining Papal States. (1 to go!)

  13. Venetia • Only Venetia left • Austria too powerful to take on by themselves. • Cavour supports Prussia in their war against Austrian and gets Venetia.

  14. Who had the most influence on Italian Unification? • Mazzini – The Soul • Garibaldi – The Sword • Cavour – The Brain

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