(1815- 1840)

1. A Changing Nation The United States’ Awkward Teenage Years (1815- 1840)

2. The Era of Good Feelings • James Monroe’s Administration (Republican) • Post War of 1812 • Marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans James Monroe 5th President of USA

3. The End of the Federalists • The War of 1812 closed with the Federalist Party all but destroyed. • The 1816 presidential election was the last one when the Federalists' ran a candidate. Rufus King lost resoundingly to James Monroe. • Lost in the 1818 Congressional election ( 85 % of the seats were controlled by Democratic Republicans)

4. Presidential Election: 1816

5. Presidential Election: 1820 One rogue elector: Plummer from NH

6. Economic Concerns • Though the Federalists disappeared, many of their policies remained. • For the first time, Republicans were leaning to a strong national government. • President Monroe continued the policies begun by Madison at the end of his presidency to build an American System of national economic development • These policies had three basic aspects: • a national bank • protective tariffs to support American manufactures • federally-funded internal improvements

7. Daniel Webster: The Northeast We want to promote manufacturing & industry, we support a national tariff. We are very ANTI-slavery

8. John C. Calhoun: The South We want to maintain states’ rights, promote farming, avoid a national tariff, and make sure slavery is never abolished!

9. Henry Clay: The West We want better roads and canals! Government needs to work on building up infrastructure of newly acquired lands

10. Economic Woes • The charter for the First Bank ran out in 1811 • Economy suffers; • State banks give out too many loans • Issued too much money • Increased spending and increased prices • Britain begins dumping • Selling goods in another country below market price to drive American businesses in debt • Congress responds with the Tariff of 1816 • Tax on foreign textiles, iron, leather goods, paper South North

11. How a Tariff Works

12. Second Bank of the U.S. • Established in 1816 • Privately owned • Charter to operate for 20 years

13. Important Supreme Court Rulings • McCulloch V. Maryland • States cannot pass any law that violates a federal law • States have no right to interfere with federal institutions • Dartmouth College v. Woodward • Protected private contracts • Promoted capitalism – system in which privately owned businesses compete in a free market • Gibbons v. Ogden • Supported the idea that only Congress can regulate interstate trade

14. Foreign Relations: Spain • Spain still controls Florida • Problem: escape slaves from Georgia & Alabama often flee to Florida and join Seminole tribes • Solution: US government sends Andrew Jackson into Florida to recapture escape slaves • Raids Spanish towns and governor flees • Result: Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 • Spain cedes Florida to US

15. Adams-Onis Treaty • Sometimes referred to as The Florida Treaty or • the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 • Signed in Washington on February 22, 1819 • Named for John Quincy Adams of the United States and Louis de Onís of Spain • The acquisition of Florida by the United States and the establishment of a boundary line between Spanish territory and the United States.

17. Foreign Relations: Latin America • Latin Americans inspired by American & French Revolutions • Spain unable to control her colonies: • Mexico, Columbia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, United Provinces of Latin America, Brazil (Portugal) • US Response: Monroe Doctrine (1823)

18. The Monroe Doctrine • France & Russia indicate they will help Spain regain these territories • President Monroe, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, and the British were worried by France and Russia becoming involved in Latin American affairs • Britain wanted to release joint statement • Under the advisement of Adams, President Monroe releases statement independently

19. The Monroe Doctrine • A policy introduced on December 2, 1823 • Stated that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention. • Asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countries, and that the United States would not interfere with existing European colonies nor in the internal concerns of European countries.

23. Impact of the Monroe Doctrine • 1842 - President Tyler warns Britain to stay out of Hawaii…we begin the process of staging a coup and annexing the islands

24. Impact of the Monroe Doctrine • 1898 – President McKinley uses his power to push Spain from her colonies in the Spanish American War…we gain Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico (Cuba = protectorate)

25. Impact of the Monroe Doctrine • 1904 – Roosevelt Corollary added; states we will respond with military force if Europe gets involved in Latin America

26. Impact of the Monroe Doctrine • 1962: President Kennedy & the Cuban Missile Crisis; US threatens intervention when Soviets become involved in Cuba

27. Impact of the Monroe Doctrine • 1985: President Reagan & the Iran Contra Affair; US funds a group of revolutionaries (the Sandinistas) to overthrow Communist leaders using illegal weapons sales to Iran