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Chapter Two Basic Needs:

Chapter Two Basic Needs:. Food, Shelter, and Stuff. Getting Food: Modes of Subsistence. Subsistence means to exist or to live on Modes of subsistence Hunting and gathering (foraging) Who forages what?. Getting Food: Modes of Subsistence. Pastoralism

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Chapter Two Basic Needs:

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  1. Chapter Two Basic Needs: Food, Shelter, and Stuff

  2. Getting Food: Modes of Subsistence • Subsistence means to exist or to live on • Modes of subsistence • Hunting and gathering(foraging) • Who forages what?

  3. Getting Food: Modes of Subsistence • Pastoralism • Domesticated and semi-domesticated animals • Horticulture and agriculture • Intensive and industrial agriculture • Environmental Determinism

  4. Cultural Ecology and the Cultural Core • Subsistence is the keystone for developing local or community culture and its supporting institutions • Adaptation to the environment is key • Carrying Capacity -- how many persons can be supported by the environment • Natural Resources -- the raw materials that form the basis for subsistence • Cultural perceptions of the resources

  5. Cultural Ecology and the Cultural Core • Knowledge and Technology • R-Selected versus K-Selected species • Cultural definitions of sustainable • Humans and the Environment – human ecology

  6. Wild and Domesticated Foods • Wild foods and subsistence through time • Domesticated foods • Plants • Animals • Semidomesticated plants and animals

  7. Direct Labor versus Trade or Market Exchange • Direct Labor • Freegans • Trade or market exchange

  8. Subsistence and Patterns of Movement • Nomadic Lifestyle

  9. Subsistence and Patterns of Movement • Transhumant lifestyle • Regular cycles to movement

  10. Subsistence and Patterns of Movement • Sedentary lifestyle • Theory of Stuff • Lifestyle, frequency, distance, and means of transportation • homes

  11. Industrial Agriculture • Externalities • Energy inputs and outputs • Food miles • Distribution of food • Sustainability

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