The Standards system: CEN and ISO

1. The Standards system: CEN and ISO by Keith Moyes, BSI British Standards 13 and 14 November 2008

2. The world of standards and regulations: Three types • Government regulations and specifications • Mandatory within the national territory • Barrier to trade between territories • Formal standards (e.g. ISO and CEN standards) • Recognised by governments • Support regulation • Voluntary • Informal standards (e.g. Consortia standards) • Voluntary • Limited authority and recognition • This presentation will give an overview of the second type • Formal standardization

3. Principle values of formal standardization Formal standardization embody common principles: • Their drafting and agreement of standards is: • Consensual • Transparent • Open • Non-discriminatory • There content is: • Regionally and globally relevant • Their use is: • Voluntary • The international, European and national standards bodies all have similar statutes and rules of procedure

4. The world of formal standards • Standardization takes place in three sectors • Telecommunications • General • Electrotechnical • Each sector operates at three levels • International • European • National • This presentation will mainly describe • General and Electrotechnical standardization • At the the international and European level.

5. Telecommunications standardization International level • ITU-T - International Telecommunications Union European level • ETSI – European Telecommunications Standards Institute These bodies are associations of members • The members are the national telecommunications operators • Private companies • Public bodies National level • Telecom operators and companies may develop in-house standards • These do not have the status of national standards

6. General Standardization International level • ISO - The International Organization for Standardization European level • CEN – Comitė Europėen de Normalisation • These bodies are associations of national standards bodies National level • The national standards bodies (NSBs) • BSI (UK) • DIN (Germany) • AFNOR (France), etc. • These standards bodies are recognised by their national governments as the only ones able to represent their countries in ISO and CEN

7. Electrotechnical standardization International level • IEC - The International Electrotechnical Commission European level • CENELEC – Comitė Europėen de Normalisation Electrotechnique • These bodies are associations of National Committees (NCs) National level • NCs are standards bodies (e.g. BEC in the UK, VDE, in Germany, UTE in France, etc. • These NCs are recognised by their national governments as the only ones able to represent their countries in IEC and CENELEC • Sometimes they are departments of the NSB (e.g. BEC is part of BSI) • Sometimes they are separate institutions (e.g. VDE & UTE)

8. Formal standards Map Electrotechnical Telecommunications General International ITU-T ISO IEC European ETSI CEN CENELEC National Telecoms operators National Standards Body National Committee

9. General Standardization: International ISO: International Organization for Standardization • Central Offices located in Geneva in Switzerland. • An organization of over 150 members • Members are the national standards bodies accredited by their national governments • Develops and publishes International Standards (ISOs) • Publishes in 3 official languages: English French and Russian • Sells standards from its central offices and via its web store • Distributes standards via its members and commercial distributors • ISO members may adopt ISO standards as national standards and sell without payment of royalty to ISO

10. ISO Governance • General Assembly • An assembly of all the members • ISO Council • The principal policy body with 18 members elected by the General Assembly • Reports to the General Assembly • TMB (Technical Management Board) • Responsible for the work programme • Members appointed by the Council • Reports to Council • CPSG (Commercial Policy Strategy Group) • Membership by periodic appointment • Advises the Secretary General and Council

11. ISO financing • ISO is mainly funded by the subscriptions of its members • Subscriptions are based on the size of the national economy • ISO also undertakes commercial activity • This contributes approximately 35% of ISO revenue • Sales of standards and other publications • Royalties from members’ sales of ISO standards and publications • Royalties from commercial distributors • ISO receives no support from governments or other bodies • ISO’s financial viability depends on the financial viability of its members

12. ISO members: Legal status and funding • Legal status of standards bodies varies from country to country • Government departments • Independent bodies • All operate on a non-profit distributing basis • Most sell standards and other services directly or through separate publishing and sales companies, for example: • DIN has Beuth Verlag • Standards Norway has PRONORM • Many standards get some government funding • Government funding varies from 0% to 100% • The standards bodies that contribute most to ISO’s work tend to get the least government funding • Commercial exploitation of standards is crucial to the funding of the standards system

13. Members’ dependence on government funding and standards sales Funding of ISO members: government and commercial Percentagerange Percentage of ISO members in range Percentage of ISO members in range Government support Standards sales % % % 0 12 37 1 –10 12 37 11 – 25 12 12 26 – 50 15 11 51 –99 26 3 100 23 0 Total 100 100 Average 49 10

14. Europe BSI (UK) DIN (Germany) AFNOR (France) UNI (Italy) AENOR (Spain) SIS (Sweden America ANSI (USA) SCC (Canada) ABNT (Brazil) Asia GOST R (Russia) SAC (China) JISC (Japan) KATS (South Korea) BIS (India) Pacific SA (Australia) SNZ (New Zealand Africa SABS (South Africa) General standardization: Some key ISO members

15. Electrotechnical standardization: International IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission • Central Offices located in Geneva in Switzerland. • An organization of over 50 members • Members are the National Committees accredited by their national governments • Develops and publishes International Standards (IECs) • Publishes in three Official language: English French and Russian • Sells standards from its central offices and via its web store • Distributes standards via its National Committees and commercial distributors • National committees may adopt IEC standards as national standards and sell without payment of royalties to IEC

16. IEC: Governance • Very similar to ISO • IEC Council • An assembly of all the National Committees • IEC Council Board • The principal policy body • 15 members elected by the Council Board • SMB (Standards Management Board) • Responsible for the work programme • SAG (Sales Advisory Group) • Membership by periodic appointment • Advises the General Secretary and Council Board on commercial issues

17. IEC funding • Very similar to ISO • IEC is mainly funded by the subscriptions of its NCs • Subscriptions are based on the size of the national economy and electricity usage • IEC also undertakes commercial activity • Sales of standards and other publications • Royalties from members’ sales of ISO standards and publications • Royalties from commercial distributors • IEC receives no support from governments or other bodies • EC’s financial viability depends on the financial viability of its NCs • NCs are funded in similar ways to ISO members • Commercial activities are very important to the whole system

18. General Standardization: Europe CEN: Comité Européen de Normalisation • Central offices in Brussels in Belgium • An association of 30 European standards bodies • Produces European standards (ENs) which each member must adopt as national standards • CEN does not publish or sell ENs • ENs can only be bought as national adoptions (e.g. BS EN, DIN EN, NF EN, etc.) • They are published in 3 official languages (English, French and German) • CEN members may adopt in one or all of these languages, but may also translate into their own language

19. CEN governance • CEN AG (General Assembly) • An assembly of all the members • CEN CA (Administrative Board) • The principal policy body, responsible the General Assembly • All members represented • CEN BT (Technical Board) • The policy body responsible for the work programme and the rules for developing standards. Reports to the CEN CA • CEN SD (Sales and Distribution Committee) • Advises the CEN CA on commercial issues • All members represented.

20. CEN financing • Largely funded by the subscriptions of its members subscriptions • 45% of funding of the CEN Management Centre by the European Commission • Does not sell European standards (ENs) • ENs are sold by the CEN members • Each CEN member is responsible for sales and distribution in its own national territory • Each CEN member is responsible for its own pricing • CEN members may not actively market their ENs in the territories of other CEN members • All CEN members can market and sell freely outside of the CEN area

21. Austria (ON) Bulgaria (BDS) Belgium (IBM) Cyprus (CYS) Czech Republic (CSI) Denmark (DS) Estonia (EVS) Finland (SFS) France (AFNOR) Germany (DIN) Greece (ELOT) Hungary (MSZT) Iceland (IST) Ireland (NSAI) Italy (UNI) Latvia (LVS) Lithuania (LST) Luxembourg (SEE) Malta MSA Netherlands (NEN) Norway (NSF) Poland (PKN) Portugal (IPQ) Romania (ASRO) Slovakia (SUTN) Slovenia (SIST) Spain (AENOR) Sweden (SIS) Switzerland (SNV) United Kingdom (BSI) CEN Members

22. Electrotechnical standardization: Europe CENELEC: Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique • Central offices in Brussels in Belgium • An association of 30 European National Committees • Produces European standards which each member must adopt as national standards • CENELEC does not publish or sell ENs • ENs can only be bought as national adoptions, with the national prefix BS EN etc. • ENs are prepared in 3 official languages (English, French and German) • CENELEC National Committees may adopt in one or all of these languages, but may also translate into their own language

23. CENELEC Governance • Very similar to CEN • CENELEC AG (General Assembly) • An assembly of all the National Committees • Representatives are from industry, not from the institutes • CENELEC CA (Administrative Board) • The principal policy body, responsible the General Assembly • Representatives are from industry, not from the institutes • CENELEC BT (Technical Board) • The policy body responsible for the work programme and the rules for developing standards. Reports to the CEN CA • CENELEC COMPOL (Commercial Policy Committee) • Advises the CENELEC CA on commercial issues. All members represented.

24. CENELEC financing • Very similar to CEN • Largely funded by the subscriptions of its members subscriptions • 10% of funding of the CENELEC Central Offices by the European Commission • Does not sell European standards (ENs) • ENs are sold by the CENELEC NCs • Each NC is responsible for sales and distribution in its own national territory • Each NC is responsible for its own pricing • NCs may not actively market their ENs in the territories of other CENELEC members • All NCs can market and sell freely outside of the CENELEC area

25. Austria (OVE) Belgium (CEB) Bulgaria (BDS) Cyprus (CYS) Czech Republic (CNI) Denmark (DS) Estonia (EVS) Finland (SESKO) France (UTE) Germany (VDE-DKE) Greece (ELOT) Hungary (MSZT) Iceland (IST) Ireland (ETCI) Italy (CEI) Latvia (LVS) Lithuania (LST) Luxembourg (SEE) Malta MSA Netherlands (NEC) Norway (NEK) Poland (PKN) Portugal (IPQ) Romania (ASRO) Slovakia (SEV) Slovenia (SIST) Spain (AENOR) Sweden (EES) Switzerland (SEV) United Kingdom (BEC) CENELEC National Committees

26. Collaboration in formal standardization • The guiding principle is: “Do it once, do it right and do it internationally” • ISO and IEC collaborate to produce joint standards • CEN and CENELEC collaborate to produce joint standards • ISO and CEN collaborate under the Vienna Agreement • Wherever possible, CEN standards are developed in ISO • Members vote on them in ISO and in CEN simultaneously • These standards are published both as ISO standards and As EN standards • 40% of CEN standards are produced in ISO • IEC and CENELEC collaborate under the Dresden Agreement • 90% of CENELEC standards are now produced in IEC

27. Collaboration between standards bodies and regulators • There is a world wide trend towards ‘lighter regulation’ • Regulations specify general requirements • Standards specify optimum ways to comply with them • In Europe that is embodied in ‘The New Approach’ • New Approach Directives are mandatory for all EU countries • CEN, CENELEC and ETSI write ‘harmonised’ standards to support them • The use of these standards is voluntary • Compliance with the standards is the best means of assuring compliance with the Directive