1. UNIT 1 – Area of Study 1Body Systems & Human Movement ENERGY SYSTEMS

2. ENERGY SYSTEMS THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM • Identify the dominant energy pathway utilised in a variety of aerobic or anaerobic activities determined by the intensity and duration of the activity. Collect, analyse and report on primary data related to responses to exercise and anaerobic and aerobic pathways. MOVEMENT ATP-PC SYSTEM Alactacid Phosphocreatine INTERPLAY Anaerobic Glycolosis Lactic Acid Lactacid system Aerobic Energy Aerobic Glycolysis Oxygen FOOD FUELS MUSCLE FIBRES

3. ENERGY SYSTEMS • All body movements require energy for muscle contraction. A clear understanding of energy systems will help you to understand your body better.

4. FOODS & THEIR CONVERSION TO ENERGY • Food is the primary source of energy, but it cannot be used directly • Digestion breaks down the food into nutrients that are absorbed into the bloodstream. • Some of this fuel is used immediately for energy and the remainder is stored in different ways for different reasons

5. HOW FOOD IS STORED IN THE BODY

6. CARBOHYDRATES • We need carbohydrates to fuel physical activity • They are the body’s preferred source of fuel – especially during exercise • Carbohydrates are important in activities lasting longer than 1 hour • Carbohydrate intake is vital before, during and after exercise to meet the fuel requirements

7. CARBOHYDRATES • Carbohydrates are the sugars and starches found in fruit, cereal, bread, pasta and vegetables. • Carbohydrates are major food fuels for the production of ATP • There are 2 forms of carbs – blood glucose and muscle and liver glycogen • Carbohydrate in foods are converted to glucose for immediate energy and to glycogen to be stored in the muscle • The blood carries glucose to the muscle through the aid of insulin • The pancreas secretes insulin in response to the increase in blood glucose

8. CARBOHYDRATES • GLYCOGEN – the form in which carbohydrates are stored in the muscle and liver • INSULIN – a hormone that regulates the level of glucose in the blood • PANCREAS – a gland that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland • Not all glucose is used immediately – excess glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen. When extra energy is required, the glycogen is converted back to glucose to be used within the muscle

9. FATS • Fats are essential in our diet and perform many vital roles. Fats are involved in: • Protecting body organs • Maintaining body temperature • Hormone production • Energy systems for the body

10. NOT ALL FAT IS BAD!! • In your table groups: • Come up with 2 good sources of fat and 2 bad sources of fat

11. FATS • Fats are not all the same – some fats are better than others • Essential Fatty Acids (EFA’s) such as Omega-3 are vital to overall health and wellbeing • Sources of Omega-3 are tunaand salmon • There are other forms of fats such as lipids which come in the form of butter, margarine, eggs, oil and nuts

12. FATS • Fats are found in the body in the form of triglycerides, stored in the fat cells (adipose tissue) located throughout the body and in skeletal tissue • Triglycerides are broken down into free fatty acids, which are broken down aerobically to provide energy for movement • Fat’s are the body’s preferred source of fuel at rest: as you sit here writing these notes your body is using fat • However, the conversion rate is less efficient than other fuel sources

13. PROTEINS • Proteins are often called the building blocks of the body • Foods that are rich in protein – meat, fish, poultry, eggs and cereal • Their main role in the body is for growth and repair of tissue • All enzymes (which speed up chemical reactions) are proteins • The basic structual unit of proteins are amino acids • Protein is often associated with strength building exercises

14. FOOD FOR ENERGY

15. REVISION QUESTIONS 1.Carbohydrates in foods are converted to: A/ glycogen for immediate energy. B/ glucose for immediate energy and to glycogen to be stored in muscle. C/ oxygen. D/ omega 3. 2.Fats: A/ are capable of producing more ATP than carbohydrates B/ require less time than triglycerides to break down. C/ require less oxygen than glucose to produce ATP. D/ in terms of the total amount of energy produced, have a lower energy content than carbohydrates. 3.Proteins: A/ are more complex and have larger molecules than either carbohydrates or fats B/ have a higher energy content than fats in terms of total amount of energy produced C/ involve the least complex chemical reactions to split PC D/ do not use oxygen