TAKS Objective 3

1. TAKS Objective 3 Coach Smith Waco High Chemistry 2006-2007

2. Objective 3 • Which of these conditions is caused by bacteria? • AIDS • Seasonal allergies • Dental cavities • Colds

3. Which of these conditions is caused by bacteria? • Dental cavities

4. Objective 3 • A study shows that 40% to 100% of raw poultry is contaminated by disease-causing bacteria. Which of the following activities provides people the best protection from these bacteria? • Rinsing dishes thoroughly. • Eating a balanced diet daily. • Visiting a doctor regularly. • Cooking foods properly.

5. A study shows that 40% to 100% of raw poultry is contaminated by disease-causing bacteria. Which of the following activities provides people the best protection from these bacteria? • Cooking foods properly.

6. Objective 3 • Which of the following is the most specific group used to classify organisms? • Kingdom • Class • Genus • Order

7. Objective 3 • Which of the following is the most specific group used to classify organisms? • Genus

8. Objective 3 Characteristics of Some Lizards • Live mainly in hot, dry climates • Release very little water • Excrete waste in the form of solid uric acid, which contains very little water. • Which of the following is best supported by the information shown above? • These lizards evolved in arid habitats. • Modern lizards drink more water than their ancestors did. • These lizards cool themselves by evaporation. • Modern lizards excrete more water than their ancestors did.

9. Characteristics of Some Lizards • Live mainly in hot, dry climates • Release very little water • Excrete waste in the form of solid uric acid, which contains very little water. • Which of the following is best supported by the information shown above? • These lizards evolved in arid habitats.

10. Objective 3 • Enzymes allow viruses to insert their genetic material into the host cell’s DNA. The virus benefits from this action by – • Acquiring the traits of the host cell. • Causing the host cell to produce viruses. • Introducing random deadly mutations into the host cell. • Turning the host cell into a virus.

11. Objective 3 • Enzymes allow viruses to insert their genetic material into the host cell’s DNA. The virus benefits from this action by – • Causing the host cell to produce viruses.

12. Objective 2 • Streptococcus infection in a person’s throat can cause pain and fever. Streptococcus can be controlled by antibiotics. Streptococcus is a – • Virus • Bacterium • Protozoan • Fungus

13. Objective 2 • Streptococcus infection in a person’s throat can cause pain and fever. Streptococcus can be controlled by antibiotics. Streptococcus is a – • Bacterium

14. Objective 3 • The diagram above is intended to show relationships in an ecosystem. What do the arrows represent? • The direction of population migration. • Differences in dietary habits. • Progressively smaller organisms. • The direction of energy flow.

15. Objective 3 • The diagram above is intended to show relationships in an ecosystem. What do the arrows represent? • The direction of energy flow.

16. Objective 3 • An increase in greenhouse gases is considered harmful because it – • Allows more heat to be trapped in the lower atmosphere. • Depletes carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. • Releases energy trapped inside Earth. • Destroys light energy that plants need for photosynthesis.

17. Objective 3 • An increase in greenhouse gases is considered harmful because it – • Allows more heat to be trapped in the lower atmosphere.

18. Objective 3 • Insecticides help humans compete with insects for a resource. Which resource is most likely to be preserved for humans through the use of insecticides? • Sunlight • Water • Food • Air

19. Objective 3 • Insecticides help humans compete with insects for a resource. Which resource is most likely to be preserved for humans through the use of insecticides? • Food

20. Objective 3 • Two competing species can thrive in the same community if they have – • The same habitat • Different niches • Similar diets • Different life spans.

21. Two competing species can thrive in the same community if they have – • Different niches

22. Objective 3 Information About Sendai Virus • Some infants and children are infected with human parainfluenza virus type 1, also known as HPIV-1. • A vaccine against HPIV-1 is made of a low dose of Sendai virus. • Sendai virus has a similar structure to HPIV-1. • Sendai virus makes mice sick but does not make humans sick. • Why is Sendai virus used as a vaccine against HPIV-1? • In alters the protein coat of HPIV-1 • It makes cells chemically unrecognizable to HPIV-1. • If forms a protective barrier against HPIV-1. • It triggers the production of antibodies that fight HPIV-1.

23. Objective 3 Information About Sendai Virus • Some infants and children are infected with human parainfluenza virus type 1, also known as HPIV-1. • A vaccine against HPIV-1 is made of a low dose of Sendai virus. • Sendai virus has a similar structure to HPIV-1. • Sendai virus makes mice sick but does not make humans sick. • Why is Sendai virus used as a vaccine against HPIV-1? • It triggers the production of antibodies that fight HPIV-1.

24. Objective 3 V X Z W U Y R T S Time Q P • The diagram shows relationships of selected species over time. According to this information, which of these species is expected to have the greatest phenotypic difference from the ancestral species? • Species Q • Species R • Species T • Species U

25. V X Z W U Y R T S Time Q P • The diagram shows relationships of selected species over time. According to this information, which of these species is expected to have the greatest phenotypic difference from the ancestral species? • Species U

26. Objective 3 • Some species of kelp anchor themselves to the seafloor. These species have small air sacs, called air bladders that raise the top of the kelp to the water’s surface. What advantage do air bladders give the kelp? • They allow the kelp to obtain more salt from the water. • They prevent the kelp from breaking during a storm. • They allow kelp leaves to receive greater amounts of sunlight. • They provide the kelp with protection from herbivores.

27. Objective 3 • Some species of kelp anchor themselves to the seafloor. These species have small air sacs, called air bladders that raise the top of the kelp to the water’s surface. What advantage do air bladders give the kelp? • They allow kelp leaves to receive greater amounts of sunlight.

28. Objective 3 • A tick feeding on the blood of a dog is an example of – • Commensalism • Parasitism • Neutralism • Mutualism

29. A tick feeding on the blood of a dog is an example of – • Parasitism

30. Objective 3 • Which conclusion is best supported by the information in the diagram? • Volcanic eruptions were common in the area. • The area was once a marine environment. • Organisms in the area reproduced frequently. • Consumers once outnumbered producers in the area.

31. Objective 3 • Which conclusion is best supported by the information in the diagram? • The area was once a marine environment.

32. The Collared Peccary Bobcats Coyotes F H Peccaries Insects Insects Plants Mice Plants Bobcats Plants Coyotes Cacti Insects Coyotes Mice Plants Peccaries G J Peccaries Peccaries Insects Bobcats Mice Coyotes The collared peccary is often mistaken for a pig. It has a short pig-like snout and crushing molars. The peccary has a mass of 10–20 kg and a shoulder height of about 50 cm. The collared peccary is omnivorous, eating mostly roots, seeds, fruit, cacti, and occasionally insects and mice. Peccaries travel in herds of 6–30 animals. The natural enemies of the peccary are bobcats and coyotes. • Which of these is a food web based on the relationships described above?

33. The Collared Peccary Mice Plants Coyotes Peccaries G Insects Bobcats The collared peccary is often mistaken for a pig. It has a short pig-like snout and crushing molars. The peccary has a mass of 10–20 kg and a shoulder height of about 50 cm. The collared peccary is omnivorous, eating mostly roots, seeds, fruit, cacti, and occasionally insects and mice. Peccaries travel in herds of 6–30 animals. The natural enemies of the peccary are bobcats and coyotes. • Which of these is a food web based on the relationships described above?

34. Objective 3 • The diagram shows several phases of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following describes the most likely effect of removing some plants from the area by using chemical herbicides? • The rate of erosion of rocks on the ground would be slowed. • The flow of necessary nutrients would be disrupted. • The ability of plants to complete photosynthesis would be increased. • The infiltration of water into the ground would be halted.

35. Objective 3 • The diagram shows several phases of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following describes the most likely effect of removing some plants from the area by using chemical herbicides? • The flow of necessary nutrients would be disrupted.

36. Which of the following cannot metabolize nutrients? F H G J

37. Which of the following cannot metabolize nutrients? G

38. Objective 3 • About 10% of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to the next level. What usually happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level or used to carry out life processes? • It is given off as heat. • It is stored as vitamins. • It is used in reproduction. • It is used in protein synthesis.

39. Objective 3 • About 10% of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to the next level. What usually happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level or used to carry out life processes? • It is given off as heat.

40. Objective 3 Cholera-causing bacteria belong to the genus Vibrio. Some species of Vibrio cause diseases in chickens and humans. However, some species have mutualistic relationships with fish and other marine life. • Which of these is the best example of a mutualistic relationship in an aquatic environment? • Some fish can survive repeated infections by harmful bacteria. • Some fish have bacteria living in their digistive tract that help the fish digest food. • Some bacteria are present in aquatic food chains in which fish are secondary consumers. • Some bacteria are aquatic decomposers that recycle nutrients useful to fish.

41. Objective 3 Cholera-causing bacteria belong to the genus Vibrio. Some species of Vibrio cause diseases in chickens and humans. However, some species have mutualistic relationships with fish and other marine life. • Which of these is the best example of a mutualistic relationship in an aquatic environment? • Some fish have bacteria living in their digistive tract that help the fish digest food.

42. Objective 3 About 10,000 years ago two populations of tassel-eared squirrels were separated from each other. Today these squirrels are so different that they are unable to interbreed when brought together. Tassel-eared squirrel Southern isolation Northern isolation Abert’s squirrel Kaibab squirrel • Which of the following explains this phenomenon? • Competition • Extinction • Predation • Speciation

43. Objective 3 About 10,000 years ago two populations of tassel-eared squirrels were separated from each other. Today these squirrels are so different that they are unable to interbreed when brought together. Tassel-eared squirrel Southern isolation Northern isolation Abert’s squirrel Kaibab squirrel • Which of the following explains this phenomenon? • Speciation

44. Objective 3 • Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply? • Chloroplasts from a host cell. • A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus. • New ADP from a host cell. • A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA

45. Objective 3 • Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply? • A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA

46. Objective 3 • The myxoma virus was used to control an overpopulation of European rabbits in Australia. When first introduced in the mid-1900’s, the virus greatly reduced the European rabbit population. Today the virus is not an effective control of the European rabbit population. Fewer European rabbits are affected by the virus today because they have – • Learned to avoid the virus. • Moved away from infected areas. • Undergone a change in diet. • Developed resistance to the virus.

47. Objective 3 • The myxoma virus was used to control an overpopulation of European rabbits in Australia. When first introduced in the mid-1900’s, the virus greatly reduced the European rabbit population. Today the virus is not an effective control of the European rabbit population. Fewer European rabbits are affected by the virus today because they have – • Developed resistance to the virus.

48. Objective 3 • Cows and other ruminants are herbivorous animals. Their died includes cellulose which must be fermented before it can be digested. Which of these aid in the fermentation of cellulose in a cow’s digestive system? • Bacteria • Fungi • Algae • Viruses

49. Objective 3 • Cows and other ruminants are herbivorous animals. Their died includes cellulose which must be fermented before it can be digested. Which of these aid in the fermentation of cellulose in a cow’s digestive system? • Bacteria

50. Objective 3 • Which of these events is most likely to cause a widespread influenza outbreak? • People in northern regions are affected by weather patterns. • The influenza virus is recognized by host immune systems. • Global warming causes increased winter precipitation. • People lack immunity to a new strain of flu virus.