Planning 1: National Guidance Documents For Security Cooperation

1. Planning 1: National Guidance DocumentsFor Security Cooperation

2. Objectives • Understand the SCO’s role in execution of National Security Strategy • Identify the requirements levied by the GEF on GCCs • Know & understand the characteristics of each type of actor in GEF

3. Former SECDEF on Security Cooperation “…the United States’ interagencytool kit is still a hodgepodge of jury-rigged arrangements constrained by a dated and complex patchwork of authorities, persistent shortfalls in resources, and unwieldy processes.” Robert Gates Foreign Affairs May-June 2010

4. Security Cooperation Reform Task Force (SCRTF)(Report approved by SECDEF July 2011) Finding 1.1: “…DoD…does not assess, anticipate, prioritize or address partner requirements as well as it should…Effective security cooperation requires that allDoD activities be coordinated toward a common end... DoD pursues uneven and disjointed security cooperation activities and is not well prepared to present a unified security cooperation strategy to its interagency partners, Congress, industry, and partner countries.”

5. Security Cooperation Reform Task Force (SCRTF) (Cont’d) Finding 1.2: “There is no standard DoD-wide methodology or formal process governing “capability package planning” – planning that organizes and synchronizes the procurement of defense articles and defense services with related security cooperation activities…[This] lack…too often results in unclear requirements and a focus on end-item delivery as opposed to building sustainable partner capabilities that mutually support United States and partner objectives…”

6. (OSD) FY 2014 Joint Regional Strategy (JSR) FY 2014 Integrated Country Strategy (ICS) The Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF) (Main State) (OSD) (OSD) Bandarian Bureau of African Affairs (Joint Staff) (Regional Bureau) ** SCO required to review & provide input to TCP & ICS Theater Campaign Plan Theater Strategy SCO (GCC) (Embassy)

7. National Security Strategy (NSS)DoD • Summary: • Origin & basis for all USG security strategies • President’s security interests & values • Broad initial planning guidance • Goals: • Strengthen security & resilience at home • Disrupt, dismantle, & defeat terrorist groups • Reverse spread of/secure WMD • Advance peace, security, & opportunity in Greater Middle East • Secure Cyberspace • Essential SC Themes: • Invest in the capacity of “strong & capable partners” • Strengthen institutions & mechanisms for cooperation • Sustain broad cooperation on key global challenges

8. US/Partner Nation Strategic Environment Security Cooperation Development Diplomacy Defense

9. Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR) • Secretary Clinton’s Pillars of Foreign Policy: • Deepening relationships with allies • Assisting developing nations to build their own capacities • Engaging with emerging centers of influence and encouraging greater responsibility • Renewing U.S. commitment as an active trans-Atlantic, trans-Pacific, hemispheric leader • Re-engaging global institutions and modernizing them to meet evolving challenges • Upholding and defending universal values enshrined in the U.N. Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Leading through example, and engaging directly with the people of the nations

10. Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR) • State and USAID Joint Strategic Goals with an SC Theme: • Counter threats to the United States and the international order… • Effectively manage transitions in the frontline states… • Provide humanitarian assistance and support disaster mitigation… • Secure U.S. government presence internationally…

11. Joint State/USAID Strategic PlanDoS • Summary: • SECSTATE’s vision of how DoS & USAID will implement US foreign policy/assistance • Goals: • Achieve peace & security • Govern justly & democratically • Invest in people • Promote economic growth & prosperity • Provide humanitarian assistance • Promote international understanding • Essential SC Themes: • Counter-terrorism • Reduce/eliminate WMD • Promote conflict prevention & resolution • Conduct security cooperation and Security Sector Reform (SSR)

12. Joint Strategic Goal Framework Source: 2010 State/USAID Joint Summary of Performance

13. Achieving Peace and Security-- Security Cooperation and Security Sector Reform “We will develop and maintain effective security relationships with other countries and international organizations. We will build strong partnerships through robust political-military activities such as defense trade and export control regimes; arms control, non-proliferation, and disarmament agreements and verification protocols; international treaties, alliances, and burden-sharing agreements; security assistance programs; international exercises; and active confidence-building measures. We will build the capacity of partners to counter regional threats, and to deploy to international peacekeeping and humanitarian relief operations and coalition warfightingand stabilization missions in the interest of delivering peace and security.” SECSTATE State/USAID Strategic Plan, 2007--2012

14. USAID Civilian-Military Cooperation Policy “It is USAID’s policy forall operating units to cooperate with DoD in joint planning, assess- ment and evaluation, training, implementation, and communication in all aspects of foreign assistance activities where both organizations are operating and where civilian-military cooperation will advance USG foreign policy.”

15. National Defense Strategy (NDS) • Summary: • Origin & basis for all DoD security strategies • SECDEF’s assessment of threat to NSS security interests & values • Broad guidance for all DoD planning • Objectives (Ends): • Defend the homeland • Win the Long War • Promote security • Deter conflict • Win our nation’s wars

16. NDS (Con’td) • 8 Means (Resources): • The Total Force • Strategic communications • Intelligence and information • Organizational excellence • First-class technology and equipment • Alliances & partnerships • Security cooperation • Global posture • 5 Ways (Methods): • Shape the choices of key states • Prevent adversaries from acquiring or using WMD • Strengthen & expand alliances and partnerships • Secure US strategic access and retain freedom of action • Integrate and unify our efforts; a new “Jointness”

17. 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) • Defend the US and support civil authorities at home • Succeed in counter-insurgency, stability, and CT opns • Build the security capacity of partner states • Deter and defeat aggression in anti-access environments • Prevent proliferation and counter WMD • Operate effectively in cyberspace

18. 2010 QDR Initiatives • Strengthen general purpose force capabilities for SFA (train and advise the security forces of partner nations) • Enhance linguistic, regional, and cultural ability • Expand capabilities for training partner aviation forces • Strengthen capacities for ministerial-level training • Civilian Expeditionary Workforce (CEW) • Defense Institution Reform Initiative (DIRI) • Ministry of Defense Advisor Program (MODA) • Create mechanisms to facilitate more rapid transfer of critical materiel • Strengthen capacities for training regional and international security organizations

19. National Military Strategy (NMS) • Summary: • Origin & basis for all US joint force security strategies • CJCS’s assessment of US military’s capability to support the NDS • CJCS’s guidance to services & COCOMs for coordination of strategic planning • Goals: • Counter violent extremism • Deter & defeat aggression • Strengthen international & regional security • Shape the future force • Essential SC Themes: • Work closely with coalitions & key individual allies to defeat terrorism • Strengthen & expand our network of partnerships • Enable partner capabilities & capacities • Promote a robust conventional deterrent through visible partnering efforts

20. Translates national security strategic objectives into a prioritized and comprehensive planning tool Applies to all DoD entities Tasks GCCs to create theater campaign plans in support of theater strategies Approved by SECDEF in April 2011; supersedes most of 2008 GEF Contingency planning approved by POTUS 2010 Guidance For Employment of the Force (GEF)

21. Impact of the GEF(beginning 2008)

22. Strategic Guidance Hierarchy National Security Strategy (NSS) National Defense Strategy (NDS) National Military Strategy (NMS) Employ the Force Manage the Force Develop the Force Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF) Guidance for Development of the Force (GDF) Contingency Planning Guidance Security Cooperation Guidance Global Posture Guidance Strategic Planning Guidance Transfor-mation Planning Guidance Global Posture Guidance Human Capital Strategy Nuclear Weapons Planning Guidance Global Force Mgmt Guidance Analytic Agenda Guidance Joint Concepts & Experiment. Guidance Science & Technology Guidance CJCS Comprehensive Risk Assessment Consolidating five separate documents forces holistic thinking about previously stove-piped planning

23. The Organization of the GEF • Introduction • Strategic Context, Global Priorities and Strategic Assumptions * • Resources and Forces • Global Defense Posture • Campaign Planning Construct • General Planning Guidance • Functional Planning Guidance • Regional Planning Guidance * • Implementation Guidance • Assessments Annexes: (TS) (TS) Security Cooperation Tools & Resources Procedures for Changes to the GEF Global and Theater Strategic End States * Approved Global Defense Posture Changes References Glossary Acronyms * Make sure you review

24. Captures SECDEF guidance for general, regional, and functional planning efforts Emphasizes inter-agency input into DoD planning and integration of DoD planning with other agencies COCOMs develop strategies and campaign plans to pursue global strategic end states identified in GEF Campaign plans link SC activities to current operations and contingency plans SC is a “shaping” effort (Phase 0 or Shape) and an integral part of GCC steady-state activities Contingency plans are branches to campaign plans GEF Chapter I: Introduction

25. Phases of Joint Operations (JP 5-0) Phase 0 Shape

26. Identifies 10 Global Prioritized End States Lists assumptions for next 2-5 years Identifies and defines Global Core Partners: Maintain long-term, dependable relationship with USG Have capacity or potential to provide security assistance Can work with US in multiple AORs GEF Chapter II: Global Priorities and Strategic Assumptions

27. Theater campaign plans “operationalize” theater strategies Planning should focus on steady-state activities (ongoing operations, security cooperation, other shaping activities) Planning should be pro-active, ideally preventing problems from becoming crises. GEF Chapter V: Campaign Planning Overview

28. GCCs should --- Establish achievable intermediate military objectives (IMOs) which contribute to the strategic end states listed in the GEF Establish a baseline status for each IMO to measure progress Develop key indicators of progress to assess results Maintain situational awareness during execution to assess campaign feasibility and changes to the strategic environment GEF Chapter V: Campaign Planning Overview (Cont’d)

29. “The campaign plan is thus the primary vehicle for designing, organizing, integrating, and executing security cooperation activities and synchronizing the Department’s plans and activities with US development and diplomatic efforts. Eliminating the need to execute a contingency plan is usually the most desirable outcome of these activities and operations.” GEF Chapter V Purpose of the Campaign Plan

30. Promote acceptable international behavior by potential adversaries Sustain peace and security under conditions that promote US national interests Set the conditions for military success (or mitigation of harmful consequences in case a contingency cannot be prevented) Build effective, legitimate, interoperable, and self-sustaining partners Leverage the capabilities of partners to help achieve end states Strengthen alliances and partnerships GEF Chapter V Measures of Successof the Campaign Plan

31. Actors Designated by the GEF Know Your Country! (Country Reference Guide Homework) • Global Level (Chapter II) • Global Core Partners • GCC Level (Chapter V) • Critical Partners • Essential to achieving a given end state • Key Supporting Partners • Help a GCC achieve an end state • Actors of Concern • Pose a problem…may not be adversaries

32. “A select group of countries/organizations deemed most essential to a COCOM’s ability to achieve a theater or functional end state. Critical partners directly receive US security cooperation resources (forces, time, money, effort). Critical partners can include countries with which the US desires a closer relationship in the future.”GEF Chapter V GEF – Critical Partners

33. GEF – Key Supporting Partners “Countries or organizations whose supporting capabilities help a COCOM achieve one or more of its strategic end states. They may or may not be from within the AOR assigned to a GCC. Key supporting partners are considered competent and able to bring a level of expertise to complement or supplement US capabilities for achieving end states.”GEF Chapter V

34. “Countries or non-state actors that pose a problem affecting a region. They may not be adversaries but left unaddressed they pose a clear potential threat to achieving USG strategic objectives. SC and Phase 0 activities should be designed at least in part to assist actors of concern with their internal problems.” GEF Chapter V GEF – Actors of Concern

35. “To the extent possible, combatant commanders should strive to apply no less than half of the sum of their security cooperation time, effort, and discretional resources toward critical partners [for GCCs] or global core partners [for FCCs].”GEF Chapter III GEF Security Cooperation Planning Guidance

36. GEF Guidance to Theater Campaign Plans(Graphic from 2008 GEF) • Combatant Command cannot achieve one or more strategic end states without this country’s collaboration or assistance • Receives priority for SC resources (time, money, effort)

37. GEF Chapter VIII: Regional Planning Guidance • Planning Requirement • Strategic Context • Prioritized Theater Strategic End States • Linked to one or more SC focus area • Theater Strategic Assumptions • Campaign Plan Priorities • Including Critical Partners, Key Supporting Partners, and Actors of Concern • Additional Planning Guidance • Posture Guidance (footprint, forces, agreements) • Contingency Planning Requirements

38. GEF Chapter IX: Implementation Guidance • All GCCs write theater strategies; their campaign plans should operationalize their strategies • Other DoD entities (MILDEPS, etc.) coordinate international activities with GCCs • USDP ensures all GCCs have visibility of non-DoD entities within their AORs • All DoD entities use GEF strategic end states (and partnerships) as basis for SC efforts • TSCMIS (Theater Security Cooperation Management Information System) is the authoritative data for DoD’s SC activities worldwide. • DoD will pursue more collaborative planning, especially with State and USAID

39. Develop theater strategy Develop theater campaign plan which “operationalizes” that strategy Coordinate all activities of other DoD entities w/I AOR Establish intermediate military objectives (IMOs) to support GEF end states Focus resources on Critical Partners GEF Main Requirements For GCCs

40. NSS, NDS, NMS, GEF, JSCP GCC Theater Strategy ContingencyPlans Country-level Campaign Plans Region A Region B GCC Component Supporting Plans GCC Theater Strategy & Theater Campaign Plan • Building Partner Capabilities • Maintain Alliances and Partnerships • Enhance Coalition Readiness • Assure Allies • Deter Adversaries FunctionalPlans Theater Campaign Plan • In Execution • Counter-Terrorism • Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction • Theater Posture Plan Regional Campaign Plans • Deviations from our • Theater Campaign Plan • CRISIS RESPONSE • EMERGENCIES US Interagency Partner Plans

41. Security CooperationNotional Assessment Construct (Overall Scale) Y Global Core Partner Actor of Concern Key Supporting Partner Critical Partner GEF Defined Terms Increasing Level of Capability and or Access US Access to Nation/Partner Nation/Partner Capability Z • Exercises • Technology Transfer and Disclosure • Humanitarian Initiatives • Cooperative Relationships and Agreements • Security Cooperation Personnel • Partner Air Force Engagements • Education & Training • Global Force Posture • Personnel Exchanges • Equipping Activities • Information Sharing • Personnel Exchanges Nation/Partner Relationship Increasing Level of Relationship X, Y, and Z are example country assessments with end state vectors X

42. Questions?