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Animal Survival

Animal Survival. Water and Waste. G1: Identify the ways in which a mammal gains and loses water. Water Loss Urine (Urea in water) Faeces Sweat Breathing. Water Gain Food Drink Chemical Reactions*. *Respiration = how the body releases energy from food.

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Animal Survival

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  1. Animal Survival Water and Waste

  2. G1: Identify the ways in which a mammal gains and loses water Water Loss • Urine (Urea in water) • Faeces • Sweat • Breathing Water Gain • Food • Drink • Chemical Reactions* *Respiration = how the body releases energy from food. Oxygen + Food  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

  3. The kidneys make sure that the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss Water Balance Water In = Water Out

  4. water regulate/control This is called OSMOREGULATION • G2: State that the kidneys are the main organs for regulating the water content in a mammal. • G3: Identify the position and state the functions of the kidney, renal arteries, renal veins, ureter and bladder.

  5. G4: State that the kidneys work by filtration of blood and reabsorption of useful materials such as glucose. G5: State that urea is a waste product removed in the urine.

  6. FILTRATION • As blood flows through the kidneys, a lot of water and most of the substances dissolved in the plasma are filtered out. This includes urea, glucose, amino acids and salt.

  7. RE-ABSORPTION • Many of these substances are needed by the body, so are RE-ABSORBED back into the blood. • Urea and just the right amount of water that the body needs to lose are NOT re-absorbed. They pass out of the kidneys, down to the bladder and are excreted in the urine

  8. C1: Explain the process of urine production using a simple diagram of the nephron.

  9. Kidney tubule Bowman’s capsule Capillaries Glomerulus Collecting Tube

  10. Useful carbohydrate stored in the liver C2: State the source of urea in the body and describe how urea is transported to the kidneys. • Urea is a poisonous nitrogenous (contains nitrogen) waste. It is made in the liver when surplus amino acids are broken down. Amino Acids  Glycogen + Urea Urea passes into the bloodstream and is transported to the kidneys where it is removed from the blood.

  11. Don’t copy this!!!!!!! New term …… diuretic • A diuretic is a substance which causes an increase in the production of urine. • Opposite terms • eg, clockwise/anti-clockwise • social/anti-social • anti-viral

  12. Diuretic • A diuretic is a substance which causes an increase in the production of urine. Anti-diuretic • An anti-diuretic will reduce the production of urine.

  13. C3: Explain the role of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) in the regulation of water balance • Anti-diuretic hormone = decrease production of urine • Anti-diuretic hormone is released by the pituitary gland (part of the brain). • Body can either produce lots of ADH or a little ADH • Lots of ADH = less urine

  14. Drink too much • Scenario 1: Drank too much water Blood too dilute Releases little ADH Water conc. in blood normal Water conc. in blood normal Low volume of water reabsorbed by kidney Large volume dilute urine to bladder

  15. sweating • Scenario 2: Body has lost too much water Blood too concentrated Releases lots ADH Water conc. in blood normal Water conc. in blood normal High volume of water reabsorbed by kidney Small volume concentrated urine to bladder

  16. G6: Explain the implications of damage to the kidneys by accidents or disease • People can live with only one kidney, but if both kidneys become damaged, urea will build up and will eventually cause death if not treated. • Treatment • Dialysis (kidney machine) • Kidney Transplant

  17. C4: Describe the benefits and limitations of replacement and “artificial” kidneys.

  18. C4: Describe the benefits and limitations of replacement and “artificial” kidneys. 1. Page 50 Biology Booklet 2. Complete pages 43-51 3. Textbook 130-137Read/Revise/Take Notes/Answer Questions 4. Last page of booklet – past paper questions/book

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