Residential Requirements of the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code

1. Residential Requirements of the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code August 2010

2. The Family of I-Codes The IECC is one of the International Codes. This code establishes minimum regulations for energy efficient buildings using prescriptive and performance related provisions. The IECC contains energy provisions for both residential and commercial buildings. Building Envelope - focuses on air sealing, minimum insulation levels, and efficient glazing. Mechanical Systems - addresses equipment efficiency, HVAC controls and heating and cooling distribution. Electrical Systems - focuses on interior and exterior lighting wattage limits and controls for efficient lighting usage. Service Water Heating Systems - addresses water heating efficiency and hot water distribution. The IECC is one of the International Codes. This code establishes minimum regulations for energy efficient buildings using prescriptive and performance related provisions. The IECC contains energy provisions for both residential and commercial buildings. Building Envelope - focuses on air sealing, minimum insulation levels, and efficient glazing. Mechanical Systems - addresses equipment efficiency, HVAC controls and heating and cooling distribution. Electrical Systems - focuses on interior and exterior lighting wattage limits and controls for efficient lighting usage. Service Water Heating Systems - addresses water heating efficiency and hot water distribution.

3. IECC addresses only energy IRC addresses all topics (structural, plumbing, etc.) Allows builder to carry only one code book Chapter 11 covers energy efficiency IRC allows compliance with IECC as an alternative to Chapter 11 IECC addresses both residential and commercial; IRC addresses subset of residential detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses 3 stories or fewer Energy requirements in IRC and IECC almost identical IRC requires 0.35 SHGC in Climate Zones 1-3; IECC requires 0.30 IRC has less stringent foundation requirements in northern zones Other minor differences Relationship Between IRC and IECC Chapter 11 of the International Residential Code (IRC) is similar to Chapter 4 of the IECC. The Chapter is limited in usage to one- and two-family residential and to townhouses. Chapter 11 of the International Residential Code (IRC) is similar to Chapter 4 of the IECC. The Chapter is limited in usage to one- and two-family residential and to townhouses.

4. Some envelope requirements more stringent New requirements added Building envelope tightness verification Duct leakage pressure test Lighting efficacy limits Pool controls and covers Snow melt controls Moisture control requirements (e.g., vapor retarders) moved to IRC No mechanical trade-offs allowed A few performance path assumptions changed What’s Changed Since IECC 2006? New requirements Building envelope tightness verification (whole house pressure test or checklist/inspection). Duct leakage pressure test unless ducts are located inside conditioned space.New requirements Building envelope tightness verification (whole house pressure test or checklist/inspection). Duct leakage pressure test unless ducts are located inside conditioned space.

5. Chapter 1 Administrative Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Energy Efficiency Chapter 5 Commercial Energy Efficiency Chapter 6 Referenced Standards Structure of the IECC

6. Scope Residential Buildings: IECC has one- and two-family R-2, R-3, R-4 = 3 stories All buildings that are not “residential” by definition are “commercial” Includes additions, alterations, renovations and repairs Residential buildings defined by IECC: R-2 is occupancies containing more than 2 dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including apartments, boarding houses, dormitories, etc (but not hotels/motels). R-3 includes one- and two-family dwellings. R-4 includes residential care and assisted living facilities. Special sunroom requirements were added have been included since the 2001 IECC. Residential buildings defined by IECC: R-2 is occupancies containing more than 2 dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including apartments, boarding houses, dormitories, etc (but not hotels/motels). R-3 includes one- and two-family dwellings. R-4 includes residential care and assisted living facilities. Special sunroom requirements were added have been included since the 2001 IECC.

7. Scope –Exempted Buildings Very low energy use buildings (<3.4 Btu/h-ft2 or 1 watt/ft2) Buildings (or portions of) that are neither heated nor cooled Existing buildings (Section 101.4.1) Electrical power, lighting, and mechanical systems still apply Buildings designated as historic (Section 101.4.2) Very low energy use building This includes only space conditioning An unconditioned basement is an example of an unconditioned space Buildings designated as historic National/state/local historical register Some jurisdictions may still require additions to these structures to comply with the energy code. Very low energy use building This includes only space conditioning An unconditioned basement is an example of an unconditioned space Buildings designated as historic National/state/local historical register Some jurisdictions may still require additions to these structures to comply with the energy code.

8. Code applies to any new construction Unaltered portion(s) do not need to comply Additions can comply alone or in combination with existing building Replacement fenestration that includes both glazing and sash must meet 0.30 SHGC in Climate Zones 1-3 U-factors in all Zones Scope - Additions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs

9. Exceptions Storm windows over existing fenestration Glass-only replacements Exposed, existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities if already filled with insulation Where existing roof, wall or floor cavity isn’t exposed Reroofing for roofs where neither sheathing nor insulation exposed Insulate above or below the sheathing Roofs without insulation in the cavity Sheathing or insulation is exposed Provided installed interior lighting power isn’t increased and < 50% of luminaires in a space are replaced Only bulb and ballast within existing luminaires in a space are replaced Any nonconditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space is required to be brought into full compliance with code. Scope - Additions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs The code states that additions, alterations, renovations or repairs can’t create an unsafe or hazardous condition or overload existing building systems. The code states that additions, alterations, renovations or repairs can’t create an unsafe or hazardous condition or overload existing building systems.

10. Any nonconditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code Examples: - Converting a garage to a family room - Heating a basement Space Conditioning

11. Scope - Mixed Use Buildings Treat the residential occupancy under the applicable residential code Treat the commercial occupancy under the commercial code The residential and commercial occupancies fall under two different scopes. Thus, two compliance submittals must be prepared using the appropriate calculations and forms from the respective codes for each. Buildings > 4 stories are considered commercial buildings The residential and commercial occupancies fall under two different scopes. Thus, two compliance submittals must be prepared using the appropriate calculations and forms from the respective codes for each. Buildings > 4 stories are considered commercial buildings

12. Climate-Specific Requirements: Foundations Basements Slabs Crawlspaces Above grade walls Skylights, windows, and doors Roofs Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in warm climates Universal Requirements (apply everywhere): Duct insulation and sealing Infiltration control Overview of Structure There are mandatory envelope requirements (design must meet these requirements regardless of location) which include moisture and infiltration control and duct insulation. Other envelope requirements such as insulation values and window efficiency are based on the climate of the project location. There are mandatory envelope requirements (design must meet these requirements regardless of location) which include moisture and infiltration control and duct insulation. Other envelope requirements such as insulation values and window efficiency are based on the climate of the project location.

13. Climate Zones for the 2009 IECC Climate zones are unchanged from 2006 IECC. U.S. counties are defined entirely by county boundaries; every county is homogenous. There are 8 temperature oriented zones, crossed with 3 moisture regimes (moist, dry, marine), for a theoretical 24 possible zones.Climate zones are unchanged from 2006 IECC. U.S. counties are defined entirely by county boundaries; every county is homogenous. There are 8 temperature oriented zones, crossed with 3 moisture regimes (moist, dry, marine), for a theoretical 24 possible zones.

14. Focus is on building envelope Ceilings, walls, windows, floors, foundations Sets insulation and fenestration levels, and solar heat gain coefficients Infiltration control - caulk and seal to prevent air leaks Ducts – seal and insulate Limited space heating, air conditioning, andwater heating requirements Federal law sets most equipment efficiency requirements,not the I-codes No appliance requirements Lighting equipment – 50% of lamps to behigh-efficacy lamps Overview of Residential Code Requirements

15. Insulation and Fenestration Requirements by Climate Zone Referred to as “R-value Table”, but note that there are more than “R-values” in the table (e.g., U-factors, SHGCS).Referred to as “R-value Table”, but note that there are more than “R-values” in the table (e.g., U-factors, SHGCS).

16. U-factor Alternative Similar to Prescriptive R-Value but uses U-factors instead. Allows for innovative or less common construction techniques such as structural insulated panels or advanced framing Allows no trade offs between building components Total UA Alternative Same as U-factor alternative but allows trade-offs across all envelope components Primary approach used in REScheck software UA – U factor x area of assembly U-Factor and Total UA Alternatives U-factor table is for the entire assembly. R-value table is only for the insulation. UA Alternative – if the total bldg. thermal envelope UA (sum of U-factor x assembly area) is less than or equal to the total UA resulting from using the U-factor Table 402.1.3 (multiplied by the same area as in the proposed bldg.) the bldg. would be considered in compliance. The SHGC requirements must be met in addition to UA compliance.U-factor table is for the entire assembly. R-value table is only for the insulation. UA Alternative – if the total bldg. thermal envelope UA (sum of U-factor x assembly area) is less than or equal to the total UA resulting from using the U-factor Table 402.1.3 (multiplied by the same area as in the proposed bldg.) the bldg. would be considered in compliance. The SHGC requirements must be met in addition to UA compliance.

17. Hard limits on U-factor in northern U.S. (cannot be exceeded, even in trade-offs) U-0.75 for skylights in Zones 4-8 These are based on building average; U-factors of individual windows or skylights can be higher if maximum area-weighted average is below these limits. Fenestration Trade-off Limits U-Factor is a measure of how well the assembly conducts heat. The lower the number, the better the assembly acts as an insulator. A window U-factor is based on the interior surface area of the entire assembly, including glazing, sash, curbing, and other framing elements. Center-of-glass U-factors cannot be used. The code requires windows, glass doors, and skylights to be rated by the National Fenestration Rating Council and to have labels that show the rated U-factor and SHGC values for the glazing unit, but allows default values from Tables 303.1.3). U-Factor is a measure of how well the assembly conducts heat. The lower the number, the better the assembly acts as an insulator. A window U-factor is based on the interior surface area of the entire assembly, including glazing, sash, curbing, and other framing elements. Center-of-glass U-factors cannot be used. The code requires windows, glass doors, and skylights to be rated by the National Fenestration Rating Council and to have labels that show the rated U-factor and SHGC values for the glazing unit, but allows default values from Tables 303.1.3).

18. Hard limit on Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in southern U.S. (Zones 1-3) SHGC cannot exceed0.50, even in performance trade-offs Fenestration Trade-off Limits, cont’d. These are based on building average, SHGC of individual windows or skylights can be higher if area-weighted average is below this limit. SHGC is a measure of how much solar gain is transmitted through the window by solar radiation The lower the SHGC value of a window the less sunlight and heat can pass through the glazing. In locations in climate zones 1-3, the combined SHGC (the area weighted average) of all glazed fenestration products in the building shall not exceed .50. Under no circumstances can the area-weighted average SHGC exceed 0.50 in zones 1-3, regardless of what trade-offs are used. These are based on building average, SHGC of individual windows or skylights can be higher if area-weighted average is below this limit. SHGC is a measure of how much solar gain is transmitted through the window by solar radiation The lower the SHGC value of a window the less sunlight and heat can pass through the glazing. In locations in climate zones 1-3, the combined SHGC (the area weighted average) of all glazed fenestration products in the building shall not exceed .50. Under no circumstances can the area-weighted average SHGC exceed 0.50 in zones 1-3, regardless of what trade-offs are used.

19. Locations with Window SHGC Requirements Zones 1-3 Dominantly cooled climate locationsZones 1-3 Dominantly cooled climate locations

20. Requirements by Climate Zone (U-Factor Table) Note: SHGC values are in Table 402.1.1 and must be met regardless of the this table. Lets take a look at each one of these components in the order of this table starting with fenestration. Note that this table applies to assemblies whereas the previous (R-value) table applies to insulation only. Footnote d which appears in the printed 2009 IECC was removed in an errataNote: SHGC values are in Table 402.1.1 and must be met regardless of the this table. Lets take a look at each one of these components in the order of this table starting with fenestration. Note that this table applies to assemblies whereas the previous (R-value) table applies to insulation only. Footnote d which appears in the printed 2009 IECC was removed in an errata

21. IECC Compliance - Three Options

22. Code Compliance Tools

23. Building Envelope consists of: Ceilings Walls Above grade Below grade Mass walls Fenestration Floors Slab Crawl space Building Envelope Specific Requirements Most IECC requirements for residential buildings are for the Building Envelope The Building Envelope separates conditioned space from the outdoors and unconditioned spaces such as attics and garages Most IECC requirements for residential buildings are for the Building Envelope The Building Envelope separates conditioned space from the outdoors and unconditioned spaces such as attics and garages

24. Requirements based on Assembly type Continuous insulation Insulation between framing (cavity insulation) Meet or exceed R-values Ceilings Roof insulation in buildings with attics must be installed to allow for free circulation of air through the attic eave vents. R-values for roofs represent either cavity insulation (between framing) or insulating sheathing (continuous insulation). First thing to look for is the attic access hatch is insulated to the same R-value as the plans and that weather-stripping has been installed around the hatch door to reduce infiltration. R-values are to be printed on the batt insulation or rigid foam board Blown-in insulation shall have an insulation certificate at or near the opening of the attic. The certificate should include: R-value of installed thickness initial installed thickness installed density settled thickness/settled R-value coverage area number of bags installed Insulation markers must be installed every 300 square feet and be marked with the minimum installed thickness and affixed to the trusses or joists. Check that insulation is installed uniformly to an even thickness throughout the attic and extends over the top of the exterior wall. If needed, baffles should be installed at each soffit, cornice or eave vent to direct vent air up and over the top of the insulation Roof insulation in buildings with attics must be installed to allow for free circulation of air through the attic eave vents. R-values for roofs represent either cavity insulation (between framing) or insulating sheathing (continuous insulation). First thing to look for is the attic access hatch is insulated to the same R-value as the plans and that weather-stripping has been installed around the hatch door to reduce infiltration. R-values are to be printed on the batt insulation or rigid foam board Blown-in insulation shall have an insulation certificate at or near the opening of the attic. The certificate should include: R-value of installed thickness initial installed thickness installed density settled thickness/settled R-value coverage area number of bags installed Insulation markers must be installed every 300 square feet and be marked with the minimum installed thickness and affixed to the trusses or joists. Check that insulation is installed uniformly to an even thickness throughout the attic and extends over the top of the exterior wall. If needed, baffles should be installed at each soffit, cornice or eave vent to direct vent air up and over the top of the insulation

25. Ceiling insulation requirementsin R-value table assumestandard truss systems Ceilings with Attics Ceiling requirements in the prescriptive requirements of Chapter 4 assume standard trusses. Typically, when blowing in insulation into a standard roof truss system, the insulation will taper as it reaches the exterior wall plate lines. This is due to the slope of the truss and also the baffle that directs ventilation air up and over the insulation from the eave vents. The R-value listed in the Prescriptive Building Envelope table assumes a standard roof truss system, but credit can be taken if insulation is allowed to be installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. The credit is in a reduced insulation R-value. The use of standard truss systems can cause cold corners and also contribute to ice dam formations. Ceiling requirements in the prescriptive requirements of Chapter 4 assume standard trusses. Typically, when blowing in insulation into a standard roof truss system, the insulation will taper as it reaches the exterior wall plate lines. This is due to the slope of the truss and also the baffle that directs ventilation air up and over the insulation from the eave vents. The R-value listed in the Prescriptive Building Envelope table assumes a standard roof truss system, but credit can be taken if insulation is allowed to be installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. The credit is in a reduced insulation R-value. The use of standard truss systems can cause cold corners and also contribute to ice dam formations.

26. Prescriptive R-value path encourages raised heel truss (aka, energy truss) Ceilings with Attics, Cont’d. The Prescriptive Specification allows the substitution of an R-38 insulation, if the code requires an R-49, and an R-30, if the code requires an R-38, if the insulation is installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. This can be accomplished by using either an oversized truss, a raised heel truss, or by installing insulation with a higher R-value per inch thickness, such as rigid board insulation. Typically fiberglass batt insulation can be installed over the exterior wall plate line to the desired R-value, and the remaining attic can utilize blown-in insulation. Ceilings without attic spaces – design of the roof/ceiling assembly that does not allow sufficient space for the required insulation - the minimum required insulation for these assemblies shall be R30 - BUT is limited to 500 square feet of ceiling area.The Prescriptive Specification allows the substitution of an R-38 insulation, if the code requires an R-49, and an R-30, if the code requires an R-38, if the insulation is installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. This can be accomplished by using either an oversized truss, a raised heel truss, or by installing insulation with a higher R-value per inch thickness, such as rigid board insulation. Typically fiberglass batt insulation can be installed over the exterior wall plate line to the desired R-value, and the remaining attic can utilize blown-in insulation. Ceilings without attic spaces – design of the roof/ceiling assembly that does not allow sufficient space for the required insulation - the minimum required insulation for these assemblies shall be R30 - BUT is limited to 500 square feet of ceiling area.

27. Where Insulation levels are required > R-30 Not sufficient amount of space to meet higher levels R-30 allowed for 500 ft2 or 20% total insulated ceiling area, whichever is less Ceilings without Attics (e.g., vaulted)

28. Weatherstrip and insulate doors from conditioned spacesto unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and crawl spaces) Insulate to level equivalent to surrounding surfaces e.g., required ceiling insulation = R-38, then attic hatch must be insulated to R-38 Provide access to all equipment that prevents damagingor compressing the insulation Install a wood framed or equivalent baffle or retainer when loose fill insulation is installed Access Hatches and Doors (Prescriptive)

29. Exterior above-grade walls Attic kneewalls Skylight shaft walls Perimeter joists Basement walls Garage walls (shared with conditioned space) Walls Covered by IECC

30. Above Grade Walls Insulation should not be compressed behind the wiring or plumbing; this reduces the R-value of insulation. Be sure the insulation has filled the entire cavity, batts that are cut too short will leave voids. For continuous insulation make sure there are no voids and the insulation is well bonded to the outside framing. Perimeter joists between floors must be insulated. While not a requirement, in some climates it is important to insulate exterior corners and on or in headers over doors and windows to eliminate heat transfer through the surfaces.Insulation should not be compressed behind the wiring or plumbing; this reduces the R-value of insulation. Be sure the insulation has filled the entire cavity, batts that are cut too short will leave voids. For continuous insulation make sure there are no voids and the insulation is well bonded to the outside framing. Perimeter joists between floors must be insulated. While not a requirement, in some climates it is important to insulate exterior corners and on or in headers over doors and windows to eliminate heat transfer through the surfaces.

31. Wood-Frame Walls In Climate Zones 5-6, if structural sheathing covers = 25% of the exterior, insulated sheathing isn’t required. If structural sheathing covers > 25% of the exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2.In Climate Zones 5-6, if structural sheathing covers = 25% of the exterior, insulated sheathing isn’t required. If structural sheathing covers > 25% of the exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2.

32. Ceilings, walls, and floors Exceptions Climate Zones 1 and 2 ci can be reduced to R-3 for 24” o.c. walls Steel-frame Steel framed assemblies shall meet the insulation requirements in Table 402.2.5 OR the U-factor requirements in the U-factor Table 402.1.3 for Frame Walls and use a series-parallel path calculation method. Metal framing provides a more effective path for heat transmission than wood stud wall construction. R-X+Y means RX cavity insulation plus R-Y continuous insulation (example R26+5) In ceilings, insulation that exceeds the height of the framing must cover the framing.Steel framed assemblies shall meet the insulation requirements in Table 402.2.5 OR the U-factor requirements in the U-factor Table 402.1.3 for Frame Walls and use a series-parallel path calculation method. Metal framing provides a more effective path for heat transmission than wood stud wall construction. R-X+Y means RX cavity insulation plus R-Y continuous insulation (example R26+5) In ceilings, insulation that exceeds the height of the framing must cover the framing.

33. Steel Frame Walls (and ceilings, floors)

34. Mass Wall Requirements

35. Mass Walls What type Concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete form (ICF), masonry cavity, brick (other than brick veneer), earth, and solid timber/logs Provisions At least 50% of the required R-value must be on the exterior or integral to the wall to use values in Table 402.1.3 When more than half the insulation is on the interior, the mass wall U-factors: “Earth” includes adobe, compressed earth block, and rammed earth. Values in table on this slide come from footnote b in Table 402.1.3.“Earth” includes adobe, compressed earth block, and rammed earth. Values in table on this slide come from footnote b in Table 402.1.3.

36. Defining Below-Grade Walls Define each wall individually. If the grade is sloping, the average height of the grade of the wall should be used to determine whether it’s a below-grade or above-grade wall.Define each wall individually. If the grade is sloping, the average height of the grade of the wall should be used to determine whether it’s a below-grade or above-grade wall.

37. Below-Grade Walls

38. = 50% below grade Otherwise treat as above- grade wall Below-Grade Walls Where 50% or more of a wall assembly is below grade (based on exterior surface area), the below-grade wall requirement from the Envelope Requirements may be used for the entire assembly. Insulation R-values from Table 402 1.1 are considered full height of the basement wall. Below-grade wall insulation must extend from the top of the basement down to 10 feet below grade or to the basement floor, whichever is less. Walls associated with unconditioned basements must meet the requirements unless the floor above the basement is insulated accordingly.Where 50% or more of a wall assembly is below grade (based on exterior surface area), the below-grade wall requirement from the Envelope Requirements may be used for the entire assembly. Insulation R-values from Table 402 1.1 are considered full height of the basement wall. Below-grade wall insulation must extend from the top of the basement down to 10 feet below grade or to the basement floor, whichever is less. Walls associated with unconditioned basements must meet the requirements unless the floor above the basement is insulated accordingly.

39. Doors and windows NFRC rating or default table If no labeled U-factor and SHGC, use default table No glass area limits Exemptions (prescriptive path only) Up to 15 ft2 of glazing per dwelling unit (Section 402.3.3) One side-hinged opaque door assembly up to 24 ft2 (Section 402.3.4) Fenestration Exemptions do not apply to U-factor or Total UA alternativesExemptions do not apply to U-factor or Total UA alternatives

40. Can be used to satisfy U-factor and SHGC requirements Subject to hard limits, even in trade-offs Fenestration – Area-weighted Average SHGC: An area-weighted average of fenestration products > 50% glazed is permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirementsSHGC: An area-weighted average of fenestration products > 50% glazed is permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirements

41. Floors Over Unconditioned Space

42. Unconditioned space includes unheated basement,vented crawlspace, or outdoor air Insulation must maintain permanent contact with underside of subfloor Floors over Unconditioned Space Building envelope definition in Chapter 2 defines this area. Building Thermal Envelope: the basement walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space.Building envelope definition in Chapter 2 defines this area. Building Thermal Envelope: the basement walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space.

43. Applies to slabs with a floor surface < 12 inches below grade R-10 (typically 2 inches) insulation in Zones 4 and above Must extend downward from top of slab a minimum of 24” (Zones 4 and 5) or 48” (Zones 6, 7, and 8) Insulation can be vertical or extend horizontally under the slab or out from the building Insulation extending outward must be under 10 inches of soil or pavement An additional R-5 is required for heated slabs Insulation depth of the footing or 2 feet, whichever is less in Zones 1-3 for heated slabs Slab Edge Insulation Slab-edge insulation may be installed vertically or horizontally on the inside or outside of foundation walls. If installed vertically, it must extend downward from the top of the slab to the top of the footing. If installed horizontally, it must cover the slab edge and then extend horizontally (to the interior or exterior). Insulation extending outward must be under 10 inches of soil. Slab edge floors with a floor surface < 12” below grade.Slab-edge insulation may be installed vertically or horizontally on the inside or outside of foundation walls. If installed vertically, it must extend downward from the top of the slab to the top of the footing. If installed horizontally, it must cover the slab edge and then extend horizontally (to the interior or exterior). Insulation extending outward must be under 10 inches of soil. Slab edge floors with a floor surface < 12” below grade.

44. The top edge of the insulation installed between the exterior wall and the edge of the interior slab can be cut at a 45 degree angle away from the exterior wall. This is an example of insulation cut at a 45-degree bevel cut this is a way to avoid bringing the insulation to the top of the slab edge so a carpet tack strip can be attached. Insulation is not required where the code official deems termite infestation to be very heavy. The top edge of the insulation installed between the exterior wall and the edge of the interior slab can be cut at a 45 degree angle away from the exterior wall. This is an example of insulation cut at a 45-degree bevel cut this is a way to avoid bringing the insulation to the top of the slab edge so a carpet tack strip can be attached. Insulation is not required where the code official deems termite infestation to be very heavy.

45. Implies an unvented crawlspaces (aka, conditioned crawlspace) Space must be mechanically vented or receive minimal supply air (see Section R408 of the IRC) Exposed earth must be covered with a continuous Class I vapor retarder Crawlspace Wall Insulation The code requires the crawl space wall insulation be permanently fastened to the wall and extend downward from the floor to the finished grade level and then vertically and/or horizontally for at least an additional 24”. However, there are some criteria that must be met in order to use this insulation method:   The crawlspace may not have ventilation openings that communicate directly with outside air The crawlspace floors must be covered with vapor retarder, the joints must overlap 6” and be sealed or taped. The edges should extend at least 6” up the stem wall and be attached to the stem wall. The crawlspace must have openings back to conditioned space. The crawlspace floor must be covered with an approved vapor retarder material, the joints must overlap 6” and be sealed, the edges should extend at least 6” up the stem wall and attached to the stem wall. The IRC allows the construction of unventilated crawlspaces. To meet the requirements the crawlspace walls must be insulated to the R-value specified in the energy code. The crawlspace must either be provided with conditioned air or with mechanical ventilation. The code does not specify the quantity of conditioned air to supply the crawlspace. If mechanical ventilation is selected, the crawlspace must be ventilated at 1 CFM per 50 square feet. The ground surface must also be covered with an approved vapor retarder material. To eliminate moisture from the crawlspace the sill plate and perimeter joist must be sealed. Also, while not a code requirement, all joints in the vapor retarder should be overlapped and taped. This includes the connection between the vapor retarder and crawlspace wall. The code requires the crawl space wall insulation be permanently fastened to the wall and extend downward from the floor to the finished grade level and then vertically and/or horizontally for at least an additional 24”.

46. Vented Crawlspace Requirements: The raised floor over the crawlspace must be insulated. A vapor retarder may be required as part of the floor assembly. Ventilation openings must exist that are equal to at least 1 square foot for each 150 square feet of crawlspace area and be placed to provide cross-flow (IRC 408.1, may be less if ground vapor retarder is installed). Ducts in crawlspace must be sealed and have R-6 insulation. Unvented Crawlspace Requirements: The crawlspace ground surface must be covered with an approved vapor retarder (e.g., plastic sheeting). Crawlspace walls must be insulated to the R-value requirements specific for crawlspace walls (IECC Table 402.1.1). Crawlspace wall insulation must extend from the top of the wall to the inside finished grade and then 24” vertically or horizontally. Crawlspaces must be mechanically vented (1 cfm exhaust per 50 square feet) or conditioned (heated and cooled as part of the building envelope). Ducts are inside conditioned space and therefore don’t need to be insulated. Vented & Unvented Crawlspaces These are some other requirements that might pertain to the crawlspace whether it is vented or unvented. Not all of these requirements are addressed in the IECC and come from other codes such as the IRC. These are some other requirements that might pertain to the crawlspace whether it is vented or unvented. Not all of these requirements are addressed in the IECC and come from other codes such as the IRC.

47. Requires computer software with specified capabilities (local official may approve other tools) Includes both envelope and some systems, but not HVAC or water heater efficiency Allows greatest flexibility Can trade-off tight duct systems Defines compliance based on equivalency of calculated energy or energy cost Section 405 specifies “ground rules” These will generally be “hidden” in compliance software calculation algorithms Very similar ground rules are used in home federal tax credits and ENERGY STAR Home guidelines Simulated Performance Alternative The simulated performance alternative can be used for building designs that do not comply with all the prescriptive requirements in Chapter 4 of the IECC. Under the simulated performance alternative, a “Proposed design” will comply with the code if the calculated annual energy cost is not greater than a similar building (the “Standard design”) designed in accordance with Chapter 4. The Proposed design uses the same energy sources, floor area, geometry, design conditions, occupancy, climate data, and usage schedule as the Standard design. Some energy-conserving strategies to improve the performance of the Proposed design include exterior shading of windows, passive solar design, thermal mass heat storage, improved thermal envelope, improved duct systems, reduced air infiltration, and high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water heating equipment.The simulated performance alternative can be used for building designs that do not comply with all the prescriptive requirements in Chapter 4 of the IECC. Under the simulated performance alternative, a “Proposed design” will comply with the code if the calculated annual energy cost is not greater than a similar building (the “Standard design”) designed in accordance with Chapter 4. The Proposed design uses the same energy sources, floor area, geometry, design conditions, occupancy, climate data, and usage schedule as the Standard design. Some energy-conserving strategies to improve the performance of the Proposed design include exterior shading of windows, passive solar design, thermal mass heat storage, improved thermal envelope, improved duct systems, reduced air infiltration, and high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water heating equipment.

48. Building thermal envelope (Section 402.4) Recessed lighting Fenestration Fireplaces Mandatory Requirements – Air Leakage

49. Two options to demonstrate compliance Whole-house pressure test Air leakage <7 ACH when tested at pressure differential of 0.2 inches w.c.Testing may occur any time after rough in and installation of building envelope penetrations Field verification of items listed in Table 402.4.2. Air Sealing and Insulation Whole-house pressure test section includes instructions for setting up. For example: Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and stove doors to be closed but not sealed. Field verification states that the code official can require an approved party, independent from the insulation installer, inspect the air barrier and insulation.Whole-house pressure test section includes instructions for setting up. For example: Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and stove doors to be closed but not sealed. Field verification states that the code official can require an approved party, independent from the insulation installer, inspect the air barrier and insulation.

50. Building thermal envelope Durably sealed Caulked Gasketed Weatherstripped Air barrier material Suitable film or solid material Air Leakage Control The sealing methods between dissimilar materials shall allow for differential expansion and contraction. Air barrier = material(s) assembled and joined together to provide a barrier to air leakage through he building envelope. An air barrier may be a single material or a combination of materials.The sealing methods between dissimilar materials shall allow for differential expansion and contraction. Air barrier = material(s) assembled and joined together to provide a barrier to air leakage through he building envelope. An air barrier may be a single material or a combination of materials.

51. Areas for Air Leakage (Infiltration) Windows and doors Between sole plates Floors and exterior wall panels Plumbing Electrical Service access doors or hatches Recessed light fixtures Rim joist junction There is no specific code language that precisely dictates how a leak should be sealed or how to judge the quality of a seal. There are several places where air leakage can occur: Site-built windows, doors, and skylights Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing Utility penetrations Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope Knee walls Behind stairwells on exterior walls Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls Common walls between dwelling units Attic access hatchesThere is no specific code language that precisely dictates how a leak should be sealed or how to judge the quality of a seal. There are several places where air leakage can occur: Site-built windows, doors, and skylights Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing Utility penetrations Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope Knee walls Behind stairwells on exterior walls Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls Common walls between dwelling units Attic access hatches

52. Type IC rated and labeled as meeting ASTM E 283 when tested at 1.57 psf (75 Pa) pressure differential with no more than 2.0 cfm of air movement Sealed with a gasket or caulk between the housing and interior wall or ceiling covering Recessed Lighting Fixtures When installed in the building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall meet one of these requirements. IC means “insulation contact.” Another designation label you might encounter is Air-Lok. (Or Air-Title?) Type IC rated in accordance with ASTM E 283 admitting no more than 2.0 cfm of air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity. When installed in the building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall meet one of these requirements. IC means “insulation contact.” Another designation label you might encounter is Air-Lok. (Or Air-Title?) Type IC rated in accordance with ASTM E 283 admitting no more than 2.0 cfm of air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity.

53. Windows, sliding glass doors and skylights Air filtration rate < 0.3 cfm/ft2 Swinging doors < 0.5 cfm/ft2 Exceptions Site-built windows, skylights, and doors Fenestration – Air Leakage Tested to NFRC 400 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/ 1.5.2/A440 Tested to NFRC 400 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/ 1.5.2/A440

54. New wood-burning fireplaces shall have gasketed doors and outdoor combustion air. Fireplaces

55. Equipment efficiency set by Federal law, not the I-Codes Mechanical Systems & Equipment

56. Controls Heat pump supplementary heat Ducts Sealing (Mandatory) Insulation (Prescriptive) HVAC piping insulation Circulating hot water systems Ventilation Equipment sizing Systems serving multiple dwelling units Snow melt controls Pools Mandatory Requirements Systems (Section 403) - Controls: at least one thermostat shall be provided for each separate heating and cooling system - Controls: at least one thermostat shall be provided for each separate heating and cooling system

57. If primary heating system isa forced-air furnace At least one programmable thermostat/dwelling unit Capability to set back or temporarily operate the systemto maintain zone temperatures down to 55ºF (13ºC) or up to 85ºF (29ºC) Initially programmed with: heating temperature set point nohigher than 70ºF (21ºC) and cooling temperature set point nolower than 78ºF (26ºC) Programmable Thermostat - Controls Capable of controlling the heating and cooling system on a daily schedule to maintain different set points at different times of the day.Capable of controlling the heating and cooling system on a daily schedule to maintain different set points at different times of the day.

58. Prevent supplementary electric-resistance heat when heat pump can meet the heating load Exception During defrost Heat Pump Supplementary Heat - Controls Heat pumps having supplementary electric resistance heat shall have control that except during defrost, prevent supplemental heat operation when the heat pump compressor can meet the heating load.Heat pumps having supplementary electric resistance heat shall have control that except during defrost, prevent supplemental heat operation when the heat pump compressor can meet the heating load.

59. Insulation (Prescriptive) Supply ducts in attics: R-8 All other ducts: R-6 Sealing (Mandatory) Joints and seams shall comply with IRC, Section M1601.4.1 Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts Ducts No Trade offs allowed for duct insulation. Exception: - ducts completely inside the building envelope Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts.No Trade offs allowed for duct insulation. Exception: - ducts completely inside the building envelope Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts.

60. Duct Location Examples

61. All ducts, air handlers, filter boxes and building cavities used as ducts shall be sealed (Section 403.2.2) Duct tightness shall be verified by either - Post construction test Leakage to outdoors: =8 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area or Total leakage: =12 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 in w.g. (25Pa) across entire system, including manufacturer’s air handler enclosure All register boots taped or otherwise sealed Rough-in test Total leakage =6 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 in w.g. (25Pa) across roughed-in system, including manufacturer’s air handler enclosure all register boots taped or otherwise sealed if air handler not installed at time of test Total air leakage =4 cfm/per 100 ft2 Exceptions: Duct tightness test is not required if the air handler and all ducts are located within conditioned space Duct Tightness Tests These tests apply only if the ducts are located in unconditioned space. These tests apply only if the ducts are located in unconditioned space.

62. Piping Insulation R-3 required on HVAC systems Exception: Piping that conveys fluids between 55 and 105°F R-2 required on All circulating domestic hot water systems Systems also require a readily accessible manual switch Circulating hot water systems shall include an automatic or readily accessible manual switch that can turn off the hot water circulating pump when the system is not in use. Mandatory – no trade offs.Circulating hot water systems shall include an automatic or readily accessible manual switch that can turn off the hot water circulating pump when the system is not in use. Mandatory – no trade offs.

63. Ventilation Outdoor air intakes and exhausts shall have automatic or gravity dampers that close when the ventilation system is not operating Equipment Sizing IECC references Section M1401.3 of the IRC Load calculations determine the proper capacity (size) of equipment Goal is big enough to ensure comfort but no bigger Calculations shall be performed in accordance with ACCA Manual J or other approved methods Ventilation and Equipment Sizing Equipment sizing is a direct reference to the IRC. Oversized equipment has a higher initial cost, a higher operating cost, provides less comfort, and the short-cycling reduces the equipment life expectancy. Any one of these is a good reason not to oversize. Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in the ACCA Manual J or an equivalent computation procedure.Equipment sizing is a direct reference to the IRC. Oversized equipment has a higher initial cost, a higher operating cost, provides less comfort, and the short-cycling reduces the equipment life expectancy. Any one of these is a good reason not to oversize. Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in the ACCA Manual J or an equivalent computation procedure.

64. Snow- and ice-melting system controls Automatic shutoff when pavement temperature is > 50?F and no precipitation is falling Automatic or manual shutoff when outdoor temperature is > 40?F Snow Melt System Controls Requirements apply when systems are supplied through energy service to the building.Requirements apply when systems are supplied through energy service to the building.

65. Pool heaters with a readily accessibleon-off switch fired by natural gas notallowed to have continuouslyburning pilot lights Time switches to automaticallyturn off and on heaters andpumps according to a presetschedule installed on swimmingpool heaters and pumps. Exceptions Public health standards requiring 24-hour pump operation Pumps operating pools with solar-waste-heat recovery heating systems Pools

66. On heated pools If heated to >90°F, vapor-retardant pool cover at least R-12 Exception: If >60% of energy from site-recovered or solar energy source Pool Covers

67. Systems serving multiple dwelling units shall comply with Sections 503 and 504 in lieu of Section 403 Systems Section 503: Building Mechanical Systems Section 504: Service Water Heating Section 503: Building Mechanical Systems Section 504: Service Water Heating

68. A minimum of 50 percent of the lamps in permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be high-efficacy lamps Lighting Equipment (Prescriptive) High efficacy lamps: compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent lamps, or lamps with a minimum efficacy of: 60 lumens per watt for lamps > 40 watts 50 lumens per watt for lamps > 15 watts, but < 40 watts 40 lumens per watt for lamps < 15 watts High efficacy lamps: compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent lamps, or lamps with a minimum efficacy of: 60 lumens per watt for lamps > 40 watts 50 lumens per watt for lamps > 15 watts, but < 40 watts 40 lumens per watt for lamps < 15 watts

69. Code Official has final authority Software, worksheets Above Code Programs Electronic media can be used Construction work forwhich a permit isrequired is subject to inspection Certificate is required Compliance/Documentation/Inspections No work shall be done on any part of the building beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining written approval of the code official. No construction work shall be concealed without being inspected and approved.No work shall be done on any part of the building beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining written approval of the code official. No construction work shall be concealed without being inspected and approved.

70. Code Officials Inspection Successive and final inspections, and reinspections if necessary Code Validity Code deemed to be illegal or void shall not affect the remainder of the code Codes and standards considered part of the requirements of the code Provisions take precedence Fees Must be paid before permit is issued Required in accordance with schedule Compliance/Documentation/Inspections

71. Permanently posted on or in the electrical distribution panel Don’t cover or obstruct the visibility of other required labels Includes the following: R-values of insulation installed for the thermal building envelope, including ducts outside conditioned spaces U-factors for fenestration SHGC for fenestration HVAC efficiencies and types SWH equipment Certificate The 2009 IECC requires a permanent certificate posted on or in the electrical distribution panel. The certificate shall be completed by the builder or registered design professional. It should list the R-values of insulation installed for the building envelope, U-factors and SHGC for fenestration, HVAC efficiencies, and service water heating equipment. The certificate is included as part of the REScheck reports.The 2009 IECC requires a permanent certificate posted on or in the electrical distribution panel. The certificate shall be completed by the builder or registered design professional. It should list the R-values of insulation installed for the building envelope, U-factors and SHGC for fenestration, HVAC efficiencies, and service water heating equipment. The certificate is included as part of the REScheck reports.

72. Certificate lists “gas-fired unvented room heater”, “electric furnace”, or “baseboard electric heater”, rather than listing an efficiency for those heating types Certificate (cont’d)

73. Treat as a stand-alone building Additions must meet the prescriptive requirements in Table 402.1.1 (or U-factor or total UA alternatives) Additions 1. Treat the addition as a stand-alone building and ignore the common walls between the existing building and the addition. Combine the existing building with the addition and bring the whole building to compliance. Compliance can be harder to achieve if the existing building is quite old. 1. Treat the addition as a stand-alone building and ignore the common walls between the existing building and the addition. Combine the existing building with the addition and bring the whole building to compliance. Compliance can be harder to achieve if the existing building is quite old.

74. Less stringent insulation R-value and glazing U-factor requirements Sunroom definition: One story structure Glazing area >40% glazing ofgross exterior wall and roof area Separate heating or coolingsystem or zone Must be thermally isolated(closeable doors or windows tothe rest of the house) Can always meet Table 402.1.1 requirements with unlimited glass Sunrooms Sunroom: a one-story structure attached to a dwelling with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of the gross area of the structure’s exterior walls and roof.Sunroom: a one-story structure attached to a dwelling with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of the gross area of the structure’s exterior walls and roof.

75. Ceiling Insulation Zones 1-4 R-19 Zones 5-8 R-24 Wall Insulation All zones R-13 Fenestration U-Factor Zones 4-8 0.50 Skylight U-Factor Zones 4-8 0.75 Sunroom Requirements New wall(s), windows and doors separating a sunroom from conditioned space shall meet the building thermal envelope requirements. These are is prescriptive requirements and the SHGC requirements are still applicable and not less stringent, regardless of whether it is a sunroom or not.New wall(s), windows and doors separating a sunroom from conditioned space shall meet the building thermal envelope requirements. These are is prescriptive requirements and the SHGC requirements are still applicable and not less stringent, regardless of whether it is a sunroom or not.