1 / 66

Exploring Early Civilizations and Their Study of Ancient Creatures

This overview delves into how early civilizations studied ancient creatures through their bones, teeth, and artifacts such as tools, clothing, art, and weapons. It highlights significant hominids like Lucy, who provided evidence of upright walking for nearly 3 million years. The evolution of humans from hunter-gatherers to agricultural societies during the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution marks a significant shift in human development. Moreover, the emergence of complex civilizations in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia is discussed, with a focus on social structures, religious beliefs, and notable historical figures like King Tut.

ima
Télécharger la présentation

Exploring Early Civilizations and Their Study of Ancient Creatures

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Early Civilizations

  2. How do we study ancient creatures? • Study their bones and teeth • Study artifacts -tools -clothing -art -weapons -toys

  3. Hominid • Human-like creatures that walk upright

  4. Lucy • One of the first hominid skeletons found • So what? -she showed there had been creatures walking upright for nearly 3 million years

  5. Walked upright Used tools Modern humans hominid Homo habilis Homo sapien Human Development

  6. Stone Age-humans used stone tools • Paleolithic- ancient (2MYA-12,000years ago) • Mesolithic- middle (12,000-10,000years ago) • Neolithic- New (10,000-4,000years ago)

  7. Hunter-gatherers • Follow the food supply • Hunters follow the herds of big game • Gatherers foraged until an area was picked-over • Do not raise animals or crops

  8. Ice Age • When glaciers cover a large part of the Earth’s surface • http://dsc.discovery.com/games/iceworld/map/map.html

  9. Neolithic Agricultural Revolution • Neolithic=? -New • Agricultural=? -Plants grown for food • Revolution=? -time of great change

  10. Caused… • Permanent settlements • Domestication of Animals • Specialization of Labor • Cities

  11. Civilizations have… • Large group of people • Surplus food • Large towns • Government • Division of labor

  12. Earliest Civilizations

  13. Why there? • Agriculture and livestock • Irrigation

  14. History begins when… people write it down.

  15. Egypt

  16. The Nile • Egyptians • Natural Advantages?

  17. Hieroglyphics • Picture writing • Stone tablets or papyrus • Rosetta stone

  18. Dynasty • A family of rulers • 1st in Egypt- Menes (3200 BC)

  19. Egyptian History • Old Kingdom • Middle Kingdom • New Kingdom

  20. Old Kingdom • Sphinx and biggest pyramids • Upper class= nobles, priests, and scribes • Lower class= peasants (built canals and pyramids)

  21. Middle Kingdom • “golden age” of Egypt • Hyksos (foreigners) came to Egypt and ruled at the end of this period

  22. New Kingdom • Hatshepsut= only female pharaoh • Amenhotep IV= monolithic religion • King Tut

  23. Egyptian Society • Classes (rich vs. poor) • Peasants worked the land • Nobles ruled • Trade= caravans sent goods to the east

  24. Egyptian Religion

  25. Egyptian Religion • Polytheistic (many gods) • Belief in afterlife • Mummification • Valuable objects in tombs

  26. King Tut • Son of Akhenaten • Became pharaoh when a child • Changed religion back to polytheism • Died in his late teens • Tomb in near perfect condition

  27. Decline of Egypt • Internal strife (rich vs. poor) • Weakening of the pharaohs

  28. Mesopotamia

  29. Tigris and Euphrates vs. Nile • Annual floods • Great for agriculture • Tigris and Euphrates were more violent and prone to flooding Similarities Differences

  30. Empires (migration and conquest) • Sumer- cuneiform • Babylon- Hammurabi’s code • Assyria- library at Nineveh • Chaldea- hanging gardens • Persia- largest empire of the time • Phoenicia- trade and alphabet • Lydia- money economy

  31. Hammurabi’s Code • System of written laws • Consequences for breaking them

  32. Why trade? • Comparative advantage • Everyone wins

  33. India

More Related