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Early Civilizations

Early Civilizations. How do we study ancient creatures?. Study their bones and teeth Study artifacts -tools -clothing -art -weapons -toys. Hominid. Human-like creatures that walk upright. Lucy. One of the first hominid skeletons found So what?

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Early Civilizations

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  1. Early Civilizations

  2. How do we study ancient creatures? • Study their bones and teeth • Study artifacts -tools -clothing -art -weapons -toys

  3. Hominid • Human-like creatures that walk upright

  4. Lucy • One of the first hominid skeletons found • So what? -she showed there had been creatures walking upright for nearly 3 million years

  5. Walked upright Used tools Modern humans hominid Homo habilis Homo sapien Human Development

  6. Stone Age-humans used stone tools • Paleolithic- ancient (2MYA-12,000years ago) • Mesolithic- middle (12,000-10,000years ago) • Neolithic- New (10,000-4,000years ago)

  7. Hunter-gatherers • Follow the food supply • Hunters follow the herds of big game • Gatherers foraged until an area was picked-over • Do not raise animals or crops

  8. Ice Age • When glaciers cover a large part of the Earth’s surface • http://dsc.discovery.com/games/iceworld/map/map.html

  9. Neolithic Agricultural Revolution • Neolithic=? -New • Agricultural=? -Plants grown for food • Revolution=? -time of great change

  10. Caused… • Permanent settlements • Domestication of Animals • Specialization of Labor • Cities

  11. Civilizations have… • Large group of people • Surplus food • Large towns • Government • Division of labor

  12. Earliest Civilizations

  13. Why there? • Agriculture and livestock • Irrigation

  14. History begins when… people write it down.

  15. Egypt

  16. The Nile • Egyptians • Natural Advantages?

  17. Hieroglyphics • Picture writing • Stone tablets or papyrus • Rosetta stone

  18. Dynasty • A family of rulers • 1st in Egypt- Menes (3200 BC)

  19. Egyptian History • Old Kingdom • Middle Kingdom • New Kingdom

  20. Old Kingdom • Sphinx and biggest pyramids • Upper class= nobles, priests, and scribes • Lower class= peasants (built canals and pyramids)

  21. Middle Kingdom • “golden age” of Egypt • Hyksos (foreigners) came to Egypt and ruled at the end of this period

  22. New Kingdom • Hatshepsut= only female pharaoh • Amenhotep IV= monolithic religion • King Tut

  23. Egyptian Society • Classes (rich vs. poor) • Peasants worked the land • Nobles ruled • Trade= caravans sent goods to the east

  24. Egyptian Religion

  25. Egyptian Religion • Polytheistic (many gods) • Belief in afterlife • Mummification • Valuable objects in tombs

  26. King Tut • Son of Akhenaten • Became pharaoh when a child • Changed religion back to polytheism • Died in his late teens • Tomb in near perfect condition

  27. Decline of Egypt • Internal strife (rich vs. poor) • Weakening of the pharaohs

  28. Mesopotamia

  29. Tigris and Euphrates vs. Nile • Annual floods • Great for agriculture • Tigris and Euphrates were more violent and prone to flooding Similarities Differences

  30. Empires (migration and conquest) • Sumer- cuneiform • Babylon- Hammurabi’s code • Assyria- library at Nineveh • Chaldea- hanging gardens • Persia- largest empire of the time • Phoenicia- trade and alphabet • Lydia- money economy

  31. Hammurabi’s Code • System of written laws • Consequences for breaking them

  32. Why trade? • Comparative advantage • Everyone wins

  33. India

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