International Standard for Chemical Safety G lobally H armonized S ystem of Classification and Labelling of Chemical

1. International Standard for Chemical SafetyGlobally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) UNITAR PAG (United Nations Institute for Training and Research Programme Advisory Group) Edited by Hiroshi JONAI Expert of UNSCGHS

2. GHS

3. Contents of the CD • Introduction to the GHS • What is the GHS? • Objective • History of GHS • Classification Criteria • Hazard Communication • Factors to Consider in the GHS Implementation • Other Issues • Q & A • Classification Examples • Pictograms for downloading

4. 1. Introduction

5. What is the GHS? Objective Historical Background

6. What is the GHS? A common and coherent approach • To define and classify hazards • To communicate information on labels and safety data sheets (SDS) A simple and transparent method guided by • Classification criteria • Label requirements • SDS requirements

7. What is the objective of the GHS? • To enhance the protection of human health and the environment

8. Benefits of GHS Adoption • Protection of humans and environment around the world will be enhanced. • International trade in chemicals will be facilitated. • An internationally maintained system will be made available to all nations. • Avoidance of duplication of testing and evaluation of chemicals to determine their hazardous effects will be ensured.

9. Situation analysis of chemical Use Why is there a need for the GHS to address the issues of chemical safety?

10. (Insert pictures of modernized society or utilizing chemicals.)

11. (Insert pictures of disasters by chemicals.)

12. Magnitude of Chemical Use • More than 27 million chemicals in the world （CAS 2005） • 1.1 million work-related deaths every year （ILO） • 1/4 caused by chemicals

13. Issues in Hazard information • No one country has the ability to identify and regulate ALL hazardous chemicals and chemical products. • Requirements for hazard definition, label or safety data sheet may differ from country to country.

14. Example of differences: Acute toxicity (oral LD50)

15. GHS as a basis for Chemical management Safe Use of Chemicals Risk Management system Hazard Communication (GHS Labels and SDS) GHS Classification

16. Historical Background The Past That Defined GHS

17. A Chronology of Initiatives in Developing the GHS 1950’s - United Nations issued Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNRTDG). The GHS criteria for physical hazards based on UNRTDG.

18. A Chronology of Initiatives in Developing the GHS 1950 - UNRTDG 1989 - ILO adopted a Resolution concerning a Convention on safety in the use of chemicals at work 1990 - ILO Convention 170 and Recommendation 177 on safety in the use of chemicals at work These instruments require countries to adopt a system for hazard classification and labelling.

19. A Chronology of Initiatives in Developing the GHS 1950 - UNRTDG 1989 - ILO Resolution 1990 - ILO Convention 170 and Recommendation 177 1992 - United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) in Brazil: Established 6 programme areas inChapter19, Agenda 21 Chapter19, Agenda 21, seeks to strengthen national and international efforts related to the environmentally sound management of chemicals.

20. A Chronology of Initiatives in Developing the GHS 1950 - UNRTDG 1989 - ILO Resolution 1990 - ILO Convention 170 and Recommendation 177 1992 - United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) in Brazil: Established 6 programme areas inChapter19, Agenda 21 • Chapter19, Agenda 21 • Risk assessment • Harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals • Information exchange • Risk reduction programmes • Strengthening of national chemical management capabilities and capacities • Prevention of illegal international traffic in toxic and dangerous products

21. Chapter 19, Agenda 21Programme B: Harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals Specific Mandate: “A globally-harmonised hazard classification and compatible labelling system, including material safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols, should be available, if feasible, by the year 2000.”

22. Technical Focal Point IFCS IOMC/CG/HCCS Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety Interorganization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals Coordinating Group for Harmonization Of Chemical Classification Systems UN CETDG OECD/AG/HCL ILO/HC Advisory Group on Harmonization of Classification and labelling Working Group on Harmonization of Chemical Hazard Communication Committee of Experts on Transport of Dangerous Goods (Since 1952) UNRTDG: Unique International Standard for Chemical Safety Health and Environmental Hazard Criteria Hazard Communication Elements Physical Hazards

23. Major Basis for GHS • UN Transport Recommendations • European Union (EU) Directives on Substances and Preparations • Canadian Requirements for Workplace, Consumers and Pesticides • US Requirements for Workplace, Consumers and Pesticide

24. Scope of GHS

25. What chemicals are covered by the GHS? • Covers ALL hazardous chemical substances, dilute solutions and mixtures

26. What chemicals are NOT covered by the GHS? • “Articles”, as defined in the United States OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 • Pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and pesticide residues in food will not be covered but will be covered where workers may be exposed and in transport

27. Methanol 14kg What will be changed by GHS? Methanol Methyl Alcohol CH3OH=32.04 99.5% 14kg Flammable Toxic Provide Personal Protective Equipment . Install local ventilation system. Wash well when touched. Fraud Co., Ltd. 1-1, Error Ave., Hidden city Imaginary country X OLD NEW

28. Target Audience of GHS • Employers • Workers • Transport workers • Consumers • Emergency responders

29. Roles and Responsibilities of Major Stakeholders

30. Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities • Manufacturer or Supplier • To classify chemicals and make labels and SDSs • Employer • To provide opportunities to educate and train workers on GHS • To ensure successful implementation of GHS in the workplace • Worker • To understand value and implication of information on label and SDS and to improve attitudes and practices towards chemical management

31. Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities • Consumer • To understand the meaning of contents of a label • Government • To harmonize the domestic regulations in order to implement GHS • Academe, Scientific Institutions, Professional Organizations, etc. • To do hazard assessment, information dissemination, education and information campaign, etc.

32. Classification Criteria

33. Principles of Harmonized Classification System • Classification is based on the hazards resulting from intrinsic properties of chemicals. • Classification is based on currently acceptable and available data. • no test requirement in GHS

34. Classification Criteria for Hazards • Physical Hazard • Health Hazard • Environmental Hazard

35. Physical Hazards

36. Explosives Flammable gases Flammable aerosols Oxidizing gases Gases under pressure Flammable liquids Flammable solids Self-reactive substances and mixtures Pyrophoric liquids Pyrophoric solids Self-heating substances and mixtures Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Oxidizing liquids Oxidizing solids Organic peroxide Compressed gas Corrosive to metal Harmonized Criteria for Physical Hazards

37. Flammable Liquids

38. Health Hazards

39. Harmonized Criteria for Health Hazards • Acute toxicity • Skin corrosion/ irritation • Serious eye damage/ eye irritation • Respiratory or skin sensitization • Germ cell mutagenicity • Reproductive toxicity • Carcinogenicity • Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) • Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) • Aspiration hazard

40. Classification criteria for acute toxicity Acute toxicity estimate: LD50/LC50 (LD50/LC50: lethal dose/lethal concentration causing death of 50% of test animals)

41. Classification Criteria for Carcinogens

42. Environmental Hazards

43. Harmonized Criteriafor Environmental Hazards • Hazardous to the aquatic environment

44. Classification Criteria for Substances Hazardous to Aquatic Environment BCF: Bioconcentration Factor Kow: octanol/water partition coefficient

45. Classification of Mixtures

46. Classification of Mixtures • Where test data are available for the complete mixture, the classification of the mixture will always be based on that data. Physical hazards: • For physical hazards, test results of mixtures should be used for classification. • However classification of Flammable Gases, Flammable Aerosols, Flammable Liquids and Oxidizing Gases may be determined by calculations in a specific cases.

47. Classification of mixtures (cont.) Health and Environmental Hazards: • Where test data are not available for the mixture itself, then bridging principles included and explained in each specific chapter should be considered to see whether they permit classification of the mixture. • When classifying an untested mixture based on the hazards of its ingredients, generic cut-off values or concentration limits for the classified ingredients of the mixture are used for several hazard classes in the GHS.

48. Hazard Communication

49. The sequence of chemical lifecycle

50. What is harmonized? • Labels • Safety Data Sheets (SDS)