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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Acids. Properties: Sour-tasting Ex. Lemons , grapefruit, vinegar Water soluble Neutralize Bases Turns litmus paper from blue to red “Acid turns blue red ” Conduct Electricity Hydrogen atom(s ) is(are) the CATION. Examples of Acids:. Monatomic Anions :

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acids • Properties: • Sour-tasting • Ex. Lemons, grapefruit, vinegar • Water soluble • Neutralize Bases • Turns litmus paper from blue to red • “Acid turns blue red” • Conduct Electricity • Hydrogen atom(s) is(are) the CATION

  3. Examples of Acids: • Monatomic Anions: • HCl, HBr, HI • Polyatomic Anions: • HCH3COO • H2SO4 • HNO3 • Notice** all of the Cations are Hydrogen!

  4. Bases • Properties: • Bitter Taste • Slippery feeling (like soap) • Neutralized by Acids • Turn litmus paper from red to blue • Conduct electricity • Contain OH atom as the ANION

  5. Examples of Bases: • NaOH • KOH • Ca(OH)2 • Mg(OH)2 • Notice that all the bases have OH (hydroxide) as their ANION

  6. pH Scale • Chemists use the pH scale to categorize acids and bases. It gives us an idea of how acidic or basic a solution is. • A very acidic solution will have a LOW pH • A very basic solution will have a HIGH pH • The pH scales ranges from 1-14 • 7 is neutral • <7 is Acidic • >7 is Basic

  7. Household Chemicals on the pH Scale Basic Acidic

  8. Naming Bases • Use the same rules as Naming/Formulas Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions • Examples: Sodium Hydroxide Magnesium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Al(OH)3

  9. Naming Acids • Three Steps. • Step 1: Recognize that the compound is an Acid • You have to be able to recognize an ACID • As soon as you see Hydrogen as the cation you know that the compound is an ACID. • This means that you will have to following the rules for naming an acid.

  10. Naming Acids Step 2: • Determine if the Anionis Monatomic or Polyatomic • Monatomic anions • Examples: Br-, Cl-, F-, I- • Polyatomic anions • Examples: SO4-2, CrO4-2

  11. Naming Acids Step 3: • Monatomic Anions • Add “hydro” as prefix • Change ending from “ide” to “ic” • Add “acid” at the end • Example: HCl • Hydrochloricacid

  12. Naming Acids Step3 • Polyatomic Anions ending with “ate” • Change “ate” to “ic” • Add “acid” at the end • Example: HClO3 • look up “ClO3” on list of ions  Chromate • Chromicacid • Polyatomic Anions ending with “ite” • Change “ite” to “ous” • Add “acid” at the end • Example: HNO2 • Look up “NO2” on list of ions  Nitrite • Nitrousacid

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