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Safe Chemical Spraying Practices to Avoid Drift Damage

Learn how to avoid spray drift and safely use chemicals while spraying weeds in rural areas. Understand label requirements, buffer distances, drifting methods, spraying conditions, and future actions for improved practices. Take the general duty seriously and explore future actions for responsible chemical use.

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Safe Chemical Spraying Practices to Avoid Drift Damage

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  1. Avoiding Spray Drift Using phenoxy’s safely Peter Willmott and David Stephenson PIRSA Biosecurity – Rural Chemicals

  2. Summer Weed Spraying • Rainfall on 12-14 December germinated annual weeds and freshened perennials • Around 90,000 ha sprayed from late December to late January 2009 within 30km of Clare Valley • 2,4-D ester, amine, triclopyr, glyphosate • Damage to vines throughout Clare Valley

  3. Extent of damage

  4. Purchase of chemicals

  5. Label Requirements for 2,4-D For all 2,4-D • DO NOT use unless wind speed is more than 3 kilometres per hour and less than 15 kilometres per hour as measured at the application site. • DO NOT apply with smaller than coarse to very coarse spray droplets according to the ASAE S572 definition for standard nozzles. Additional requirements for HVE • DO NOT apply this product between 1 September and 30 April. Use only within the SPRAY WINDOW between 1 May and 31 August. • DO NOT apply this product by air. • Within 24 hours of completing a 2,4-D ethyl, butyl or isobutyl ester application all users mustmake and keep a record of each application.

  6. Recommended conditions Buffer distances Spraying near sensitive crops should occur only when the wind is blowing positively away from the crop, and not closer than • 100m for amine • 1.5km for LV ester. These distances can be reduced to 20m and 100m in winter

  7. Methods of Drift • ‘Classical’ spray drift • Vapour drift • Microdroplet drift

  8. Vapour Drift • HVE (eg Estercide 800) volatilises at 22°C • LVE (eg Estercide Xtra 680) volatilises at 28°C • Triclopyr similar to LVE • Amines are essentially non volatile • Volatilisation occurs if the temperature rises above the threshold after application for at least the next day.

  9. Microdroplet drift • Microdroplets are the very fine droplets (mist) produced by all nozzles • In calm conditions, the droplet can remain suspended in the air • In low humidity or at higher temperatures, these droplets can evaporate, with the active suspended in the air • In unsettled conditions, the droplet can rise on warm air and travel on the wind

  10. Spraying conditions • Maximum forecast temperature • Temperature at time of application • Relative humidity (delta T) • Wind speed at time of application • Wind shift and variability during application • Temperature inversions • Spray quality – nozzle size • Boom height (speed)

  11. Observations at Clare BOM

  12. Opportunities to spray Key message there are more opportunities to use amine than LVE

  13. Consistent wind

  14. Calm conditions/inversion

  15. Variable wind/possible inversion

  16. General Duty • The Act provides for a General Duty that chemical users must take all reasonable and practical measures to not cause harm to land, plants, livestock or people through their use of chemicals, particularly through off-target damage

  17. Future actions • Label changes • Education • Air monitoring • Record keeping

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