MY SIMPUR STORY

1. MY SIMPUR STORY ZahrinaZainalAbidin Universiti Brunei Darussalam By Zahrina ZA

2. Introduction of Simpur The Simpur Story By Zahrina ZA

3. INTRODUCTION OF SIMPUR Dillenia or commonly known as Simpoh or Simporor Simpuris a genus of 100 species of flowering plants in the family Dilleniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of southern Asia, Australasia, and the Indian Ocean islands. Please refer to the web below for all the Simpur species name and their characteristics : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillenia http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/dilleni.htm By Zahrina ZA

4. BACKGROUND OF SIMPUR “ The Shrubby Dillenia produces the national flower of Brunei. It is a large showy yellow flower, whose petals falls off after pollination by large carpenter bees which curl their bodies over the stamens and emit vibrations that cause the pollen to shoot out from the anthers onto the underside of the bee, a process called “buzz pollination”. About 35 days later, the round reddish-green fruits split dramatically before dawn into eight segments to expose shiny red seeds covered with a layer of red pulp ( the “sarcotesta or freshly seed coat popular with seeds. (Roger McIlroy & Claudia Obendrauf (2008). By Zahrina ZA

5. INTRODUCTION OF SIMPUR The genus is named after the German botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius, and consists of evergreen or semi-evergreen trees and shrubs. By Zahrina ZA

6. Classification of Simpur The Simpur Story By Zahrina ZA

7. CLASSIFICATION OF SIMPUR Scientific Classification By Zahrina ZA

8. HABITAT OF SIMPUR Dilleniais widespread in Brunei and can grow in various habitats. It is a species that can be seen in the white sands of Brunei where it serves as the colonizer of the sands other species can not live. In due time, the white sands will become a new rainforest. By Zahrina ZA

9. Types of Simpurwith their common names in Brunei The Simpur Story By Zahrina ZA

10. Types of Brunei Simpur with their common names By Zahrina ZA

11. Where can Simpur be found? The Simpur Story By Zahrina ZA

12. Habitat of Simpur Simpur can be found at the following regions: • Asia • Australasia • Indian Ocean Islands By Zahrina ZA

13. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei 1.Dillenia beccariana (Martelli) Borneo endemic. Locally common on the clay slopes in the lower Temburong and BatuApoi valleys, in the UluTutong and at TasikMerimbun. 2.Dillenia borneensis (Hoogland) Found rare in Brunei: on clay soils in mixed dipterocarp forest at 300m in temburong District. By Zahrina ZA

14. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei 3. Dilleniaexcelsa (jack) Gilg Found throughout Brunei especially in moist valleys and lower slopes. 4.Dillenia grandifolia (Wallich) Uncommon in Brunei:known from UluIngei and Andulau Forest reserve, Belait, and Kuala Belalong, Amo. By Zahrina ZA

15. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei 5.Dillenia indica (Linnaeus) Not native in Brunei: sometimes cultivated. 6.Dillenia reticulata (king) Locally frequent on sandy soils in the floodplains o f the streams within Andulau Forest Reserve in Brunei, and in UluBelait. 7.Dillenia pulchella (Jack)Gilg Mixed peatswampfprest and swampy kerangas, in Brunei especially near the coast. By Zahrina ZA

16. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei 8.Dilleniasuffruticosa (Griffith)martelli Abundant on degraded land, often where covering from fire; also common in river banks and other open place, especially downriver and on poor soils. In the white sands, this SimporBini is a very important species. It acts as a pioneer species, colonizing the white sands where other tree species are unable to establish themselves on the white sands. By Zahrina ZA

17. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei 9.Dillenia sumatrana (miquel) Common in Brunei: in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest on leached sandy and sandy clay soils-Belait and Tutong districts but far not from Temburong. By Zahrina ZA

18. Use s of Simpur plant The Simpur Story By Zahrina ZA

19. Medicinal use of Simpur TraditionallySimpur is use as medicine as follows: The young shoots is used to stop external bleeding, the twigs, calyx or the leaf-stalks are broken and the exudates applied to the wound. The fruit pulp may be used to wash the hair. By Zahrina ZA

20. Other use s of Simpur Dillenia leaves are so large that they were always used to wrap food such as tempeh (fermented soyabean cakes), nasilemak and tapai (fermented rice). The leaves Can also be rolled into shallow cones to contain traditional "fast food" such as rojak. The mature or old leaves of some species contain a deposit of silica in their tissues and thus they were once used as sandpaper. By Zahrina ZA

21. Other use s of Simpur Some people use the plant as a guide to decide where to dig a well. It acts an indicator of the availability of water source. This plant sends out very deep tap roots to reach underground water sources. This is commonly use in Kampong areas. The fruit of Simpur can be fed to the mouse deer or pelandok when they are kept in captivity. (Joan Thurman & I. Poh Ai Cheong , (2008)) By Zahrina ZA

22. Resources Links: • Joan Thurman & I. Poh Ai Cheong , (2008). Some Common Plants and animals in Brunei Darussalam. Publication of Universiti Brunei Darussalam • Roger McIlroy & Claudia Obendrauf (2008).The Seashore plants Volume 2: Panaga Natural History Society, Panaga, Seria, Brunei Darussalam • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillenia • http://www.wellgrowhorti.com/page/landscapeplants/Trees/Tree%20 ist%20D.htm • http://srttaseancorner.blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.html • http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/dilleni.htm • http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_pokok By Zahrina ZA

23. The End By Zahrina ZA