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Primitive Fire Starting

Primitive Fire Starting. Boy Scouts of America. FIRE SAFETY. VERY IMPORTANT! DO NOT COMPROMISE! JUST AS IMPORTANT as STARTING YOUR FIRE YOUR FIRE = YOUR RESPONSIBILITY. TWIG BUNDLE. VERY IMPORTANT!!! 2 HAND FINGER CIRCLE of Twigs Tie with cordage (string). These Skills:.

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Primitive Fire Starting

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  1. Primitive Fire Starting Boy Scouts of America

  2. FIRE SAFETY VERY IMPORTANT! DO NOT COMPROMISE! JUST AS IMPORTANT as STARTING YOUR FIRE YOUR FIRE = YOUR RESPONSIBILITY

  3. TWIG BUNDLE • VERY IMPORTANT!!! • 2 HAND FINGER CIRCLE of Twigs • Tie with cordage (string)

  4. These Skills: • Require lots of practice • Have a Failure rate • Are difficult at times • Sometimes take more time than you want

  5. Bow Drill • He who knows bow drill carries matches…MK • You can do this! But not without practice

  6. Bow Drill: Parts • Socket • Fire Board • Spindle • Bow • String (aka cordage) • Ember catcher

  7. Bow Drill: Parts • Socket hand hold • Spindle dowel-like pointed on top • Fire Board Medium hardness: thumb nail test • Bow forked, notched or split • String natural, manmade or improvised • Ember catcher leaf, wood sliver etc.

  8. Socket • Keeps downward pressure on spindle • Gives more heat to spindle & fireboard • Rock, Antler, Wood, Hatchet, Magnesium • Bark: Hemlock, Pine, Locust, Cottonwood etc.

  9. Fire board • Thumb nail test: • No dent = wood is too hard • Pulverizes = wood is too soft • Leaves mark = Just Right!

  10. Fire board • Thick as spindle: good guide

  11. Spindle • Top: pointed to reduce friction • Bottom: sides rounded to reduce the sides of fireboard less wear & tear on string

  12. Spindle • Carve branch (large can be thinned) • Natural usually wobbly • Wobble test roll on ground (flat surface) • Little longer than: thumb to pinky • Thumb thick

  13. Bow • Thumb thick • Armpit to fingertip long • Forked top notched or holes • Peel: if you have time less wt. & moisture

  14. String • String or Cordage • Plants: Barks: • Milkweed Willow • Dogbane Hickory • Stinging nettle Striped Maple • Evening primrose Basswood • Note: taking too much BARK hurts/kills tree (use strip) • Ok if Survival Situation: your life matters!

  15. Cordage: String • Peeling stalk squeeze then split • Snap pith side up • Reverse wrap away then toward • Adding fibers “horse-shoe” or “U”

  16. Ember catcher • Catches ember underneath Fireboard • Keeps ember from absorbing moisture---(bad) • Leaf • Wood shaving • bark

  17. Bow Drill: Technique • Twig bundle & other materials (fuel) gathered • Ember catcher on floor • Fireboard next • Spindle twisted-in • Bow • Socket on top • Burn in hole • Notch is made • Ember is made

  18. Technique Ember is placed in Kindling bundle Blow in to flame Twig Bundle is lit Fire is made!

  19. Technique • Knife starts hole to burn-in • Notch is 1/6 to 1/8 pie slice • Drill: warm-up set don’t go crazy • Powder fills up hole • ~10 good strokes gets ember to glow • May wave/fan ember

  20. Kindling Bundle • Kindling should not be confused with Tinder • Tinder: superior form of Kindling that glows from an incendiary spark • FINE KINDLINGS: will ignite readily from a glowing piece of Tinder as from a flame

  21. Coal extender • Milkweed fluff rub in hands • Cattail fluff • Rectangulated wood rot • Flammable outer layer needed • Grass • Inner bark • Leaves • Birch bark (later will intensify flame)

  22. Ember to Flame 2 parts: Ember Flame _______________________________________ Fire is last step fire is usable

  23. Hand Drill • Harder than Bow Drill smaller ember • More skill needed in making Kindling bundle • Fewer pieces to make but may not be DRY! • BLISTERS! Cordage: Break Hands: Blister

  24. Hand Drill • 3/8” diameter works for me • 18-24” long

  25. FLINT & STEEL • Carbon steel or Iron Pyrite • Flint rolling story • Flint: flint, Iron pyrite, other hard stones • Try rocks • Tinder: Char cloth, Steel wool (000 or 0000) • Tinder fungus • Jute bundle

  26. FLINT & STEEL • 100 % Cotton t-shirt • Hole in can place on fire • Smoke comes out smoke stops = done • CAUTION: Let can COOL before you touch

  27. Other Methods • Flint & Steel • Magnesium Ferrocerium • Battery & Steel wool • Soda can (Bottom) • 2L plastic bottle • Magnifying mirror • Magnifying glass Fresnel lens • Fire piston

  28. Other Methods • Don’t count out: • Lighters: very effective, 1 handed, keep dry • Matches: get good w/ matches & Twig bundle

  29. Bow Drill Woods • Ash Pawpaw • Aspen Spruce • Basswood Sycamore • Cottonwood Tamarack • Elm White Pine • Hickory Willow • maple

  30. Bow Drill Woods • Hemlock get trunk wood • Cedar not local • Yucca not local • Fungal fireboards: i.e. Tinder fungus

  31. Hand Drills • Goldenrod best near water • Mare’s tail • Teasel • Mullein • Cattail • Rose hard on hands, not 1st choice • Seep willow • Yucca

  32. Wrap-Up • Fire Safety is #1 • Practice, Practice, Practice • Put it Out Properly!

  33. Questions?

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