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Hybrid 101

Hybrid 101. Dave Hermance Toyota Technical Center Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing NA. Hybrid Definition. “A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle with two or more energy storage systems, both of which must provide propulsion power.”.

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Hybrid 101

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  1. Hybrid 101 Dave Hermance Toyota Technical Center Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing NA

  2. Hybrid Definition “A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle with two or more energy storage systems, both of which must provide propulsion power.” My paraphrasing of the definitions developed by IEC, SAE and ARB which all require propulsion power from the secondary energy storage system. Note: Many other definitions exist!

  3. Partial Full/Strong Assist 42 Volt HV Systems EV drive Motor assist Regenerative braking Engine stop

  4. Potential Hybrid Benefits • Reduced Fuel Consumption • Lower operating cost, less CO2, less oil consumption • Reduced Exhaust Emissions • Better air quality, reduced adverse health effects • More Fun to drive • Quicker 0-60, better passing, less cabin noise, “feel good” • Combinations of the Above

  5. What Does the Market Want? A significant and growing percentage of customers indicate a willingness to buy an environmentally friendly vehicle If, and only if, all other attributes are EQUAL or Better

  6. Hybrid Value Proposition • Manufacturers strive to find the combination of features (including hybrid attributes) that customers value and are willing to pay for • It is likely that this combination will vary by model and certainly will vary by segment • As new models are introduced this balance may change and it may evolve over time as market forces change • It is myopic to view all hybrids through the accountants “green–shaded” spectacles, just as it is myopic to view performance vehicles exclusively as a “gearhead”

  7. Issues for Hybrids: • Target Selection • Most US buyers value performance more than FE • Additional segments must be covered • Mitigation of Price Premium • Learning will lower premium • Increased volume will lower premium • Unique attributes offset some premium • Market Confusion over Types and Benefits • Not all hybrids created equal • But they may be marketed as if equal

  8. Prius History 2004- Model Years 1998-2000 * 2001-2003 43 City Label FE 52 60 45 51 Highway Label FE 41 42 48 55 Combined Label FE 0-60 Accel 14.5 12.5 10.1 Emissions LEV SULEV AT-PZEV Subcompact Compact Midsize Size Class Model Change Minor Model Change * Japan only US Volume ~50,000/1st yr 108,000 for 2005 ~50,000/3 yr

  9. EtOH CNG Sustainable Transportation HSD FCHV Hybrid Technology GTL B20? D-4 Lean Burn EV Diesel DI VVT-i Alternative Fuels Electricity Diesel Gasoline

  10. Advanced Technology Vehicles

  11. US Hybrid Models/Timing • Honda Insight - 12/99 • Toyota Prius - 7/00 (12/97 Japan) • Honda Civic Hybrid - 4/02 • Next Generation Prius - 10/03 • Ford Escape Hybrid - 09/04 ; Mariner - 11/05 ; Tribute - ? • Honda Accord HV - 12/04 • Lexus RX 400h - 04/05 • Toyota Highlander HV - 06/05 • Lexus GS 450h - 05/06 • Camry Hybrid - 05/06 • Saturn VUE 42V BAS - 06 CY ; Saturn Aura BAS - 07 CY • Nissan Altima - late 06 CY or early 07 • Lexus LS 600h L - 07 CY • Fusion/Milan - 07 CY ? • GM Dual Mode SUVs - Late 07 ; DCx/BMW SUVs - 08CY

  12. 2006 Prius

  13. 2006 Prius Specifics • Mid-size Liftback (112.3 ft3) • 110 HP system power • $21,725 MSRP base + shipping • 0-60 mph in 10.1 seconds • Quicker passing than conventional a/t vehicle • AT-PZEV - Tier 2 / Bin 3 • EPA Fuel Economy Label 60/51/55 YMMV • Saves 352 gallons/year versus mid-size average • 258,109 through April 2006 (70 months) • Demand exceeds supply

  14. Lexus RX 400h

  15. 2006 RX 400h • 5-passenger luxury SUV (all RX options) • 3.3 liter Otto cycle V-6 • Electric AWD or Fwd • SULEV - Tier 2 / Bin3 • 268 HP system peak power • V-8 SUV performance (0-60 mph in 6.9 seconds) • Compact car fuel economy (31/27/29 mpg YMMV) • Saves 350-450 gal / yr versus comparable luxury SUVs • $46,060 ($44,660 fwd) MSRP base + shipping • 28,671 sales thru April 2006 (13 months) • > 25% of RX sales

  16. Highlander Hybrid

  17. 2006 Highlander Hybrid • 7-passenger SUV (all Highlander options, many standard) • 3.3 liter Otto cycle V-6 • FWD and 4WD-i • SULEV – Tier 2 / Bin 3 • 268 HP system peak power • V-8 SUV performance • Compact car fuel economy (33/28/30 fwd YMMV) • Saves 280 gal / yr versus Trends M/S SUV average • $33,030 / $34,430 MSRP base (Fwd / 4wd) + shipping • 29,638 sales thru April 2006 (11 months) • > 25% of Highlander volume

  18. GS 450h Photo

  19. GS 450h • Luxury sport sedan • Top model in GS family • 3.5 liter V-6 • SULEV - Tier 2 / Bin 3 • System combined Power 339 HP • 0-60 mph (5.2 sec) • Amazing mid-range re-acceleration • Label Fuel Economy 25/28/26 mpg • Saves 160 gal/yr to performance competitors • First rear wheel drive full hybrid • Small volume premium price “Halo” vehicle

  20. Camry HV

  21. Camry HV Specifics • 5-pass mid-size car based on best selling US sedan • 2.4 liter Atkinson cycle L-4 • ATPZEV – Tier 2 / Bin 3 • 188 system HP • 0-60 mph in 8.9 seconds (R&T got into the 7’s!) • EPA label estimates 40/38/39 (YMMV) • Saves 220 gal / yr versus Trends M/S average and is 1-2 seconds quicker 0-60 • Price: $25,900 (~$3,200 over similarly equipped Camry 4-cyl ) • 4,000 units per month sales plan from ~May 2006 • Kentucky production starts this fall

  22. LS 600h L

  23. LS 600h L underhood photo

  24. LS 600h L • Top model in LS family • 5.0 liter V-8 • All-Wheel Drive • More than 430 HP • 0-60 mph in low 5’s, V-12 performance • SULEV • Fuel savings of 250-450 gallons per year versus V-12 • Pre-Collision System, VDIM

  25. Cumulative US Hybrid Sales Sales in thousands of units Through October

  26. Cumulative Toyota Hybrid Sales Through October

  27. Volume Announcements • Toyota • 1,000,000 / yr early next decade • Ford • 250,000 / yr by 2010 • Honda • Nothing specific, but ~50,000 / yr now • GM / DCx / Nissan • Nothing specific I have heard, any volunteers? • Others maybe

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