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Textiles

Textiles. Fashion Merchandising 4.01. Fiber. Fiber: the smallest unit in a textile fabric. Yarn. Yarn: A group of fibers twisted together to form a continuous strand. Blend. Blend: the combination of two or more fibers resulting in the best of each fiber.

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Textiles

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  1. Textiles Fashion Merchandising 4.01

  2. Fiber • Fiber: the smallest unit in a textile fabric.

  3. Yarn • Yarn: A group of fibers twisted together to form a continuous strand.

  4. Blend • Blend: the combination of two or more fibers resulting in the best of each fiber. The picture below represents a wool, acrylic blend.

  5. Denier • Denier: Thickness or diameter of a fiber.

  6. Natural Fibers Fibers from plants (cellulosic) and animals (protein).

  7. Cotton • Cotton: soft, white, cool to wear, underwear and socks. PLANT.

  8. Wool • Wool: coat of sheep, warmest clothes, coats and blankets. ANIMAL.

  9. Flax • Flax: stem of a PLANT, becomes linen when woven.

  10. The fine, lustrous fiber that comes from a cocoon spun by a silkworm. Silk

  11. Leather • Leather: tough, made by preserving animal hides, tanning.

  12. Suede • Suede: leather with a napped surface.

  13. Fur • Fur: soft, hairy coat of an animal, outerwear, trimmings, come from hides.

  14. Manufactured Fibers Fibers that are man-made and begin as thick liquids.

  15. Polyester • Polyester: made from coal, often blended with other fibers, washes great.

  16. Nylon • Nylon: dries quickly, resists wrinkles, clings to the wearer.

  17. Acrylic • Acrylic: resembles wool, soft, warm, bulky, yet lightweight.

  18. Rayon • Rayon: inexpensive, weak when wet.

  19. Acetate • Acetate: silky, luxurious, wrinkles easily, neckties and lingerie.

  20. Spandex • Spandex: ability to stretch, elastic feature, dance wear.

  21. Weaving Interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles

  22. Warp • Strands that run lengthwise. • Up and Down

  23. Weft • Strands that run crosswise. • (right-left)

  24. Bias • Bias: The diagonal grain of a fabric. It gives (stretch).

  25. Plain Weave • The simplest and most common weave. • Weft passes under each warp • Chiffon/Tafetta

  26. Twill Weave • Weft passes under 2 or 3 warps • diagonal design on the surface • Very strong and durable • Used in Denim

  27. Satin Weave • Weft passes under numerous warps • produces a smooth, shiny surfaced fabric

  28. Knitting • Knitting: constructing fabric by looping yarns together.

  29. Gauge • Gauge: The number of stitches, or loops, per inch in a knitted fabric.

  30. Weft Knit • One yarn runs crosswise to form a horizontal row of loops • Cut edges will curl • Runs if snagged • Jersey and Sweater knits

  31. Warp Knit • Several yarns creating loops in a lengthwise direction • Selvage Edges – strong edge that does not ravel • Very resistant to runs • Used in lingere

  32. Non-woven • Fibers are compacted together. • Moisture, heat, chemicals, or pressure • Dryer Sheets • Sterile Gowns and Caps • Disposable Diapers

  33. Quilting • Quilted fabric. A layer of padding is sandwiched between two layers of fabric and held in place by stitching. • Examples of use: bedspreads, placemats, and outerwear

  34. Braided • Interlacing 3 or more yarns to form a regular pattern

  35. Laces and Nets • Knotting, twisting, or looping yarns together

  36. Finishing • Finishing:applying colors, designs, or surface treatments to change the look, feel, performance of fabrics.

  37. Types of Finishing • Mechanical – • finishes that are applied mechanically • Affect the size and appearance • Dyeing, Cutting, Brushing, Glazing, Embossing • Chemical – Finishes that become part of the fabric through a chemical reaction • Waterproofing, Stain Resistant, Flame Resistant

  38. Bleaching (Chemical) • Bleaching: chemical process that removes color, impurities, or spots

  39. Dyeing (Mechanical) • Adding color to fiber, yarn, or fabric

  40. Printing (Mechanical) • Adding a pattern or design to the surface of a fabric

  41. Trends and Technology • Equipment and Machinery • Faster, more efficient • CAD – Computer aided design • Microfibers • Ultra-fine, soft, luxurious, inexpensive • High-performance • Sportswear • Wicking – pulls sweat away, keeps body cooler

  42. Trends and Technology • Non-Wovens – • Medical textiles – protection from bodily fluids • Protection from hazardous materials • SPF Garments • Individuality • Customize garments • (monograms) • Recycling

  43. Plastic Soda Bottles • Plastic soda bottles: recycled into t-shirts.

  44. Fabric Government Regulations • Wool Products Labeling Act (1939) • Wool products must have percentage and type of wool listed on label • Textile Fiber Products Identification Act(1958) • All clothing labels list generic fiber content

  45. Fabric Government Regulations • Flammable Fabrics Act (1953) • Regulates sale of highly flammable fabrics • Prohibits extremely flammable fabrics • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb4tCcnA6jo

  46. Fabric Government Regulations • Permanent Care Labeling Act (1972) • All clothing required to have care instruction labels • Symbols were introduced in 1997

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