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Comprehensive Guide to Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds

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This guide provides detailed rules for naming ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a non-metal, with the metal named first and the non-metal receiving an -ide suffix. Transition metals require charges noted in Roman numerals. For covalent compounds with two non-metals, prefixes indicate the number of atoms involved. Additionally, special rules for naming acids and polyatomic ions are included, distinguishing between binary acids and those containing oxygen. Learn the structure and naming conventions to master chemical nomenclature.

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Comprehensive Guide to Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds

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  1. Naming Compounds Ionic Compounds

  2. Always have a METAL and NON-METAL • Metal always named first • Write element name • Non-metal follows after • Add suffix -ide Simple Ionic Compounds

  3. NaCl • Sodium Chloride • MgO • Magnesium Oxide • CaBr2 • Calcium Bromide Simple Ionic Examples

  4. Must include charge of transition metal • Transition metals located in middle d-block • Charge written in () as Roman numerals • Only 2 exceptions • Zinc (2+) Zn • Silver (1+) Ag • Find charge by using known charge of non-metal • I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII Transition Metal Ionic

  5. CrO • O has a 2- charge • Cr must have a 2+ charge • Chromium (II) Oxide • AuN • N has a 3- charge • Au must have 3+ charge • Gold (III) Nitride • Cr2O3 • Oxygen has a 2- charge (6- overall) • 2 Cr ions have a 6+ ion  Cr has 3+ charge • Chromium (III) Oxide Transition Metal Examples

  6. Calcium chloride • CaCl2 • Barium Sulfide • BaS • Copper (I) Oxide • Cu2O • Iron (II) Nitride • Fe3N2 Naming to Formula

  7. Naming Compounds Covalent Compounds

  8. Covalent compounds involve 2 non-metals • For first non-metal, add prefix to indicate number in compound EXCEPT when there is only 1 • Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa • For second non-metal, add prefix AND –ide suffix • Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa Covalent Compounds

  9. N2O5 • DinitrogenPentoxide • CO2 • Carbon Dioxide • CO • Carbon Monoxide Covalent Examples

  10. Carbon Tetrachloride • CCl4 • Sulfur Hexaflouride • SF6 • Video Naming to Formula

  11. Naming Compounds Acids and Polyatomic Ions

  12. Polyatomic Ions can take the place of an anion or cation • Only cation that we use is NH4+, Ammonium Naming Polyatomic Ions

  13. All binary acids (H and 1 other el.) • Include prefix HYDRO- • Followed by anion • Suffix –IC added • Add “acid” to the very end • HCl • Hydrochloric acid Naming Acids

  14. All acids with Oxygen • Identify which polyatomic ion it is • Use polyatomic name • Suffix –ate  –ic • Suffix –ite  –ous • Add “acid” to very end • HNO3 (nitrate ion) • Nitricacid • HNO2 (nitrite ion) • Nitrousacid Naming Acids

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