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Eric Van Genderen International Zinc Association AGA Tech Forum 3 October 2012 Salt Lake City, UT

International Zinc Association Update: Status of Environmental Regulations, Research, and Emerging Issues. Eric Van Genderen International Zinc Association AGA Tech Forum 3 October 2012 Salt Lake City, UT. Outline. IZA Overview Zinc Nutrient Initiative Regulatory Affairs

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Eric Van Genderen International Zinc Association AGA Tech Forum 3 October 2012 Salt Lake City, UT

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  1. International Zinc Association Update: Status of Environmental Regulations, Research, and Emerging Issues Eric Van Genderen International Zinc Association AGA Tech Forum 3 October 2012 Salt Lake City, UT

  2. Outline • IZA Overview • Zinc Nutrient Initiative • Regulatory Affairs • Environmental Research • Recycling • Sustainable Development • Communications

  3. IZA Overview IZA’s mission is to support and advance zinc products and markets through research, development, technology transfer and communication of the unique attributes that make zinc sustainable and “essential for life”

  4. Zinc Nutrient Initiative • Global program seeking to: • Improve crop yield • Improve nutritional value of crops • Improve human nutrition • Increase economic returns

  5. Zinc & Health…a Global Issue

  6. Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Eight leading economists, 5 of whom are Nobel Laureates, agree that child malnutrition can best be solved economically with vitamin A and Zinc

  7. Copenhagen Consensus 2012 Eight leading economists agree that the number one solution to the world’s leading challenge is to bundle micronutrients—including zinc Top 5 Investment Strategies: Bundled micronutrient interventions to fight hunger and improve education Expanding the Subsidy for Malaria Combination Treatment Expanded Childhood Immunization Coverage Deworming of Schoolchildren, to improve educational and health outcomes Expanding Tuberculosis Treatment

  8. Zn Deficiency in Soils Is the most commonmicronutrient deficiency Occurs in 50% of the world’s agricultural soils Moderate Zn deficiency Widespread Zn deficiency Directly correlates to zinc deficiency in humans –especially in developing nations that rely on cereal crops Will prevent plants from reaching their full potential even if their macronutrient needs are met Can be corrected with a simple, sustainable solution

  9. Zn Deficient Soils  Zn Deficient Humans Courtesy of Roots For Growth. www.rootsforgrowth.com

  10. Activities of the ZNI Research • In-country crop trials with rice, wheat, corn, etc. Policy Initiatives • Centralized (subsidies and recommendations) • Market-based (farmer Co-Ops, industry Associations) Education and Outreach

  11. Partnership for Child Survival A declaration at the Child Survival Call to Action event June 14-16, 2012 announced a new global partnership to end child pneumonia and diarrheal deaths in high burden countries. The declaration unites the public and private sector as well as NGOs and governments, including IZA.

  12. Mining Compact for Child Health • Companies commit to one or more of the following multi-stakeholder activities: • Support efforts to scale up zinc and ORS treatment. • Increase demand in target countries with advertising and awareness campaigns. • Leverage existing distribution channels to increase access to zinc and ORS, particularly in remote areas. • Support a long-term affordable supply of zinc in the countries with the highest numbers of under 5 child deaths. • Advocate with governments and other stakeholders in the target countries.

  13. An Industry Message

  14. Regulatory Affairs US EPA Criteria Update • Currently hardness-based, BLM update submitted in 2006 • Peer-reviewed assessment published in 2012 (IZA participation) • Expanded toxicity database • Unified zinc BLM for acute and chronic toxicity • Acute criterion increases 4-300% • Chronic criterion consistent with EU (no AF!!) • Package of BLM-based updates forecasted (Ag, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn)??

  15. Regulatory Affairs Stormwater Runoff • West coast USA (CA, OR, WA) pressures • Covenants on exposed metallic surfaces • Dept. of Transportation regulations • Conservative discharge benchmarks • Source reduction guidelines • IZA working with AGA on communication/messaging

  16. Regulatory Affairs REACH • IZA manages several consortia for registration of substances • Zn, Cd, In, Ge?, Ga? REACH-like • China, Canada, Australia, South Korea, Russia, Turkey, USA, California

  17. Transportation IMO convention on marine pollution revised: Stricter regulations on dumping of residues at port Stricter regulations for marine transport of hazardous solid materials in bulk Industry concern on metal concentrates: Do they meet the criteria for being “hazardous” Stricter regulation, higher costs for transport and handling

  18. Transportation Majority of ports have NO treatment facilities Will ports refuse cargo?

  19. A Global Harmonized System? Not Yet!

  20. Environmental Research Generating sound science in support of regulatory, sustainability, and communication activities through research in aquatic, terrestrial and benthic environments

  21. Zinc Runoff Model • Integration of existing models for zinc corrosion (Zinc Coating Life Predictor) and bioavailability/toxicity (BLM) to predict potential changes in freshwater receiving stream environments related to zinc runoff

  22. Rainfall SO2 Temperature Atmosphere Runoff Conceptual Model Roof Area Corrosion Properties Inclination Architecture Catchment Area Soil Properties Receiving Water Characteristics Environment

  23. Response to SC Opinionon Mixtures • Draft opinion on Toxicity and Assessment of Chemical Mixtures (July 2011) • Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) • Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) • Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) • Industry response, through Eurometaux, on metal-specific considerations • Metals have wealth of scientific data • Complex and extraordinary aspects (essentiality, bioavailability, etc.) • Deviation from Concentration Addition • Final Opinion (February 2012) “[this opinion] does not address metals for environmental combination assessment because these assessments require the use of specific approaches, e.g. essentiality, background concentrations, bioavailability.”

  24. Key Messages Metal mixture risk assessments must include: • Variability • Bioavailability • Simplifying complex principles Synergism is not evident!

  25. Comprehensive Tool

  26. Marine Bioavailability DOC and Salinity Interactions • Range of DOC (0-10 mg/L) and salinity (5-30 ppt) • Salinity protection ≥ isosmotic point • DOC protection is not evident in full strength sea water (no normalization) DOC important for risk characterization in transitional waters

  27. IZA Recycling Program Ensure the zinc industry has reliable recycling data and statistics to communicate positive attributes of zinc in a sustainable society • Follow and address relevant policies, initiatives and directives • Establish productive communication among resource management stakeholders • Collect consumption and use data

  28. Zinc production, consumption, and resources zinc extracted throughout history (from ~12th century to present) ~500 million tonnes1 (graph drawn to scale) zinc currently in use 281 million tonnes2 world zinc resources 1.9 billion tonnes world zinc reserves 250 million tonnes1 world zinc consumption in one year 16 million tonnes1,3 mined zinc in worldwide production in one year 12 million tonnes3 zinc recovered/recycled at end of life in one year 4 million tonnes1 1. International Lead Zinc Study Group (ILZSG) 2. In-Use Stocks of Metals. M.D. Gerst and T.E. Graedel. American Chemical Society. 2008. 3. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodities Summary, 2012

  29. Policies Including Recycling • Life Cycle Assessments • Raw Materials Initiative • Waste from Electronics • Construction Works • Eco-labeling • Green Public Procurement • Eco-design • Waste Directives

  30. How Does IZA Make An Impact? Communicating Recycling Efficiency Recycled Content = End of Life–Recycling Rate = Old Scrap Recycled Old Scrap Recycled Total Scrap Recycled Metal Available for Recycling Old Scrap Ratio = Recycled Metal Input Total Metal Input

  31. UnderstandingRecycling Indicators 35% 70% End of Life- Recycling Rate Recycled Content 2010 1980

  32. Product Lifetime and Collection 50% Recovery 85% Recovery 10% Recovery 10 yrs 20 yrs 30 yrs 40 yrs 50 yrs

  33. Zinc Stocks and Flows

  34. End of Life-Recycling Rate Global 50% 75% 70% 35% 15% 30% 35%

  35. Recycled Content Global 25% 45% 40% 30% 10% 20% 20%

  36. Recycling Rate ChangesOver Time

  37. Support of Steel LCA Report • The Steel Framing Alliance (SFA), with support from IZA, released a critical review of an LCA comparing wood and galvanized steel building materials. • The LCA conducted by wood industry was found to be incorrect in several areas: • Over-estimating the amount of steel in the building by 32%, an error that increased the claims of CO2 emissions. • Using 10-year old data that has since been revised which exaggerated both CO2emissions and energy consumption. • SFA is considering next steps with report

  38. Communication • Technical brochures • Publication of articles/book • Fact sheets • Newsletters • website: zinc.org • Videos • Seminars/workshops • Training programs

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