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RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE

RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE. by Virginia R. Francisco. Italian Practice is Major Influence. productions began 1470 but only on special occasions in temporary theatres. Emphasis on Scenery. even Serlio assumes no permanent building a theatre burned in Ferrara 1532

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RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE

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  1. RENAISSANCE THEATRE ARCHITECTURE by Virginia R. Francisco V. R. Francisco

  2. Italian Practice is Major Influence • productions began 1470 • but only on special occasions • in temporary theatres V. R. Francisco

  3. Emphasis on Scenery • even Serlio assumes no permanent building • a theatre burned in Ferrara 1532 • but not known to be permanent V. R. Francisco

  4. Temporary Theatres in Halls • stadium-like seating around an orchestra • used to seat royal party • raised stage at ruler's eye level • front stage flat for actors • rear raked for scenery V. R. Francisco

  5. Scenery Not Meant to be Changed • Serlio’s 3 scenes were to be enough for all plays V. R. Francisco

  6. Development of Permanent Theatres • after 1550: the Baroque Era • new concern for authority • return to orthodoxy • under growing pressure from Protestantism V. R. Francisco

  7. Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza • oldest surviving permanent theatre in Europe • built 1585 by Olympic Academy, founded 1555 • specialized in Greek dramas • formerly produced on temporary stages V. R. Francisco

  8. Teatro Olimpico Designed by Palladio • a member of the Olympic Academy • student of Vetruvius and of Roman ruins V. R. Francisco

  9. Teatro Olimpico • in existing building • necessarily semi-elliptical seating • around a small orchestra • http://www.vicenzanews.it/APT_PRO/MUSEI/teatro_olimpico.htm V. R. Francisco

  10. Stage and Scenery • rectangular stage • fixed facade with 5 openings • modified by Scamozzi • street scenes in perspective V. R. Francisco

  11. Teatro at Sabbionetta • designed by Scamozzi, 1588 • first purpose-built theatre building • designed as one unit V. R. Francisco

  12. The Proscenium Arch • purpose is masking scene changes • served by downstage angle wings and border • early proscenium arches were temporary • oldest extant evidence is drawing • Bartolomeo Neroni, 1560 V. R. Francisco

  13. Permanent Proscenium Arches • early at Uffizi court theatre, Florence, 1586 • designed by Bartolomeo Neroni • destroyed in c. 18 V. R. Francisco

  14. Teatro Farnese at Parma • designed by Giovani Battista Aleotti, 1618 • first used 1628 • first surviving theatre with permanent proscenium arch • two more arches upstage • Auditorium Like Other Court Theatres • U-shaped stadium seating • large open orchestra V. R. Francisco

  15. Box, Pit, and Gallery Auditoria • used in middle ages in temporary theatres • used in London (1567), Paris (1558), Madrid (1579) public theatres V. R. Francisco

  16. Corrales in Spain • Madrid, several temporary, 1570’s • http://www.coh.arizona.edu/spanish/comedia/graphics/principe1.jpg • Almagro, n.d., now restored • http://www.coh.arizona.edu/spanish/comedia/graphics/almagro.html V. R. Francisco

  17. Standardized by Public Opera Houses • and professional opera troupes • first public theatre, San Cassiano, Venice, 1565 • Opera of SS Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, 1639 • plan is first extant evidence of bpg auditorium • five levels of galleries • first two divided into boxes • parterre V. R. Francisco

  18. Venice Public Opera House • Box, pit, and gallery auditorium • Proscenium arch stage • Wing, drop, and border scenery • La Fenice, 1789 • http://www.teatrolafenice.it/fenice/storia/frindpr.htm V. R. Francisco

  19. Surviving Renaissance Theatres • Drottingholms Slottsteater, 1766, Sweden • http://www.drottningholmsteatern.dtm.se/engelsk/eframes_index.htm • Cesky Krumlov, Czech Republic • 1680, reconstructed and equipped 1765 • http://www.ckrumlov.cz/uk/zamek/5nadvori/i_bd.htm V. R. Francisco

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