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Ch 13.1 Notes

Ch 13.1 Notes. Living in Europe. Introduction. Overview Germany Rising standard of living Travel more 1/2 + land used for farming 5/10 world’s top manufacturing European Union – Greater volume of trade, GDP. Changing Economies. European Union

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Ch 13.1 Notes

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  1. Ch 13.1 Notes Living in Europe

  2. Introduction • Overview • Germany • Rising standard of living • Travel more • 1/2 + land used for farming • 5/10 world’s top manufacturing • European Union – • Greater volume of trade, GDP

  3. Changing Economies • European Union • Origins- 1950’s France - European Community (EC) • Closer links economically • Took until 1990’s

  4. Economics of Union • Euro • Central bank • Common foreign policy • Analysts predict economic growth • Planning to add E. European countries

  5. Market in Europe • Efficiency and productivity increased • Control govt. spending on welfare programs • Most Europeans oppose

  6. Eastern Europe • Communist control • 40 yrs • central planners- • over employed, under teched • command economy • free market economy demands changes • new democratic govt’s

  7. Agriculture and Industry • Farming and Industrialism • World’s most fertile land • Advanced scientific methods • More Europeans earn living – • Variations of employment • U.K. 2% farm • Poland and Greece 20% farm

  8. Economic Expansion • Industrial revolution – 1700’s • Birth of modern industry • Heavy industry – manufacturing of… • 1800-1900’s largest coal and Iron ore deposits • U.K. and Poland today • Mineral wealth • France & Germany lead manufacturing • Light industry – textiles and food processing • Occurs in countries lacking natural resources • Ex. Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland

  9. Food Production • Europe leads in the production of… • Wheat – • Mediterranean – • Dairy – • W. Europe – • Import cocoa & coffee • Fishing –

  10. Farming techniques • soil and climate – • organic farming – • mixed farming – • W. Europe – • Farm cooperatives –

  11. Farming techniques continued • Communist control – • Collective farms • State run farms • democratic growth • encourage private control

  12. Manufacturing • leaders • world leaders • steel and auto producers • Swiss watches and precision instruments • Czech republic and Poland • Western vs. Eastern Europe • W. – private owned • E. – state owned • Consumer goods • Change

  13. Communication and Transportation • Communication Links • Intelsat • satellites • Eurovision • Television network • Intervision • Telephone service • Phones per capita • Costs

  14. Highways and railways • Autobahn • Tunnels • 2nd in auto ownership • Trucks • Rail tracks • France’s TGV’s

  15. Major Transportation centers • Major cities have rail and air hubs • International flights common • 1/2 the worlds international shipping • major port cities

  16. Waterways • Rhine River • Carries greater vol of freight • Winds through • canals • Kiel Canal • Poland • Main-Danube canal

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