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May 20, 2009 MeeNet, Thailand

Micro-hydro, biomass, biogas: technology, cost, potential, applications. Palang Thai. May 20, 2009 MeeNet, Thailand. Micro-hydro. Costs: $750 to $5,000 per kW huge range depends on local labor contribution, site topography $0.04/kWh to $0.20/kWh

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May 20, 2009 MeeNet, Thailand

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  1. Micro-hydro, biomass, biogas: technology, cost, potential, applications Palang Thai May 20, 2009 MeeNet, Thailand

  2. Micro-hydro • Costs: • $750 to $5,000 per kW • huge range depends on local labor contribution, site topography • $0.04/kWh to $0.20/kWh • Potential: Thailand – 700 MW+. Similar or greater potential in Laos, Vietnam. China • Capacity factor: >0.5 • Issues: important to ensure adequate flows (especially dry-season).

  3. Micro-hydro technology Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.

  4. Micro-hydro technology Centrifugal pump Pelton Turgo Crossflow Kaplan

  5. Mae Kam Pong, Chiang Mai DEDE + community 40 kW 4 million baht cost ($130,000) Sell electricity to PEA – 400,000 baht/year ($13,000) VSPP subsidy: 0.8 baht/kWh

  6. Mae Kam Pong, Chiang Mai 2 @ 20 kW Weir: 2 meters high, 15 meter wide Head: 55 meters Households: 190 Cost: 3.99 million baht Constructed in year: 2526 (1983)

  7. Thai Potential: 10,000s of projects – 10s MW (?) Huai Krating, Tak Power: 3 kW Head: 35 meter Flow: 20 liters/second Cost: <200,000 baht (turbine - 24,500 baht) Constructed: 2548 (2005)

  8. Kre Khi village, Tak Province 1 kW for school, clinic, church Cost: <150,000 (turbine 10,000) Head: 10 meters Flow: 15 lit/sec

  9. Mae Klang Luang, Chaing Mai 200 watts 5,000 baht (turbine: 4,000 baht) Installed: 2550 (2007) Head: 1.7 meters

  10. Biomass • Costs: • $1300 to $2,000 per kW (?) • $0.04/kWh to $0.12/kWh (?) • Fuels: bagasse, rice husk, wood waste • Potential: Thailand – 7,000 MW (Ministry of Energy figure). • Capacity factor: typically >0.5 • Issues: air pollution (particulates), food vs. fuel.

  11. Breakdown of economically viable biomass resource in Thailand Source: Black and Veatch (2000). Final Report: Thailand Biomass-Based Power Generation and Cogeneration Within Small Rural Industries. Bangkok, NEPO; NEPO/DANCED (1998). Investigation of Pricing Incentive in a Renewable Energy Strategy -- Main report. Bangkok. Bagasse figure from interview with interview with Sirisak Tatong, power plant manager at Mitr Phol sugar factory. Biogas from interviews with biogas developers

  12. Rice husk fired power plant • 9.8 MW • Roi Et province • VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh

  13. Biogas • Costs: • $1300 to $2,000 per kW (?) • $0.04/kWh to $0.12/kWh (?) • Fuels: waste water from cassava, pig manure, brewing, sewage • Potential: 300 MW+ (industry estimate for cassava alone) • Capacity factor: typically >0.5 • Issues: cleans up smells

  14. Korat Waste to Energy - biogas • Uses waste water from cassava to make methane • Produces gas for all factory heat (30 MW thermal) + 3 MW of electricity • 3 x 1 MW gas generators • VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh

  15. Reduces air and water pollution Produces fertilizer Produces electricity 8 x 70 kW generator Ratchaburi Subsidy: 0.3 baht/kwh Biogas from Pig Farms

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