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Clean electricity options for a free Burma

Clean electricity options for a free Burma. Chris Greacen Palang Thai Seminar on “Energy: Tragedy in Burma” 20 November 2007 Chulalongkorn University. Outline. Default scenarios For revenue: Mega dams, gas exports For electrification: power imports & diesel generation

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Clean electricity options for a free Burma

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  1. Clean electricity options for a free Burma Chris Greacen Palang Thai Seminar on “Energy: Tragedy in Burma” 20 November 2007 ChulalongkornUniversity

  2. Outline • Default scenarios • For revenue: Mega dams, gas exports • For electrification: power imports & diesel generation • Addressing the Thai side • Removing bias in load forecasting • Consider clean, decentralized options on level playing field • Addressing the Burma side • Some clean community energy options

  3. Tasang 7,000 MW Yawatit 600 MW Upper Salween 4,000 MW Lower Salween 500 MW Hut Gyi 1,200 MW Tanaosri 720 MW Planned megadams to export electricity to Thailand

  4. Natural gas • Used to make 71% of Thailand’s electricity (among highest in world) • 1/3 of gas used in Thailand comes from Burma • 20% of our (Thai) electricity bills pay for Burmese gas • Single largest source of revenue to Burmese military government • Accounts for fully half of Burma’s exports in 2006 • US$2.16 billion to junta from Thailand. • Total, Chevron, PTTEP, Petronas, Nippon Oil, etc. Source: Burma: Foreign Investment Finances Regime. Human Rights Watch. 2007. www.hrw.org/english/docs/2007/10/01/burma16995.htm

  5. Sell electricity to Thailand cheap,buy back expensive 1 baht/kWh 8 baht/kWh 2 baht/kWh

  6. Diesel

  7. Can we imagine something different?

  8. Addressing the Thai side:1) Remove bias in Thailand’s load forecasting

  9. Demand growth has been linear over the past 20 years…

  10. But official Thai load forecasts are always exponential…

  11. … so they always overestimate actual demand, building power plants that aren’t needed… including new hydropower in Burma…

  12. Addressing the Thai side: 2) Consider clean, decentralized options on level playing field

  13. Summary of PDP 2007

  14. Saving electricity is cheaper than generating it Demand Side Management (saving electricity) 1.5 Actual 10-year DSM average cost!!! Source: The World Bank (1993)

  15. The Arun-3 story • Planned 201 MW hydro in Nepal • Sell electricity to India, rural electrification • Nepalese NGOs and small business:“Micro-hydropower cheaper, better for local economy” • World Bank pulled out of project, project cancelled • 10 years later…the Nepali power system has seen the addition of: • over a 1/3 more capacity than the Arun-3 • at ½ the cost • In ½ the time it would have taken to complete Arun-3

  16. Addressing the Burma side:(… besides the political and human rights problems…)1) clean, decentralized energy options – especially for rural applications

  17. Renewable energy fuels and uses

  18. Reduces air and water pollution Produces fertilizer Produces electricity 8 x 70 kW generator Ratchaburi Subsidy: 0.3 baht/kwh Biogas from Pig Farms

  19. Biomass Gasification Rice mill in Nakorn Sawan 400 kW

  20. Gasifierelectricity from wood

  21. Biodiesel

  22. Efficient Charcoal

  23. Micro-hydroelectricity Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.

  24. Hydraulic ram pump www.agr.gc.ca

  25. Hydraulic ram pump

  26. Solar cooking

  27. Solar electricity – off-grid • 25,000 baht per household system • 120 watts • Electricity for 2 lights + TV

  28. Thai solar home systems 203,000 solar home systems Sustainability challenge

  29. Solar water heating

  30. Ruggedized solar electric systems built by Karen medics in 3-5 day hands-on trainings • 7 trainings (2003-2007) • >90 medics trained • 35 clinics

  31. Solar for computer training centers in seven Karen refugee camps • 1 kW PV hybrid with diesel generator • Each powers 12 computers

  32. Thank you For more information, please contact chris@palangthai.org This presentation available at: www.palangthai.org/docs

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