The 1960’s Counterculture

1. The 1960’s Counterculture

2. Rock and Roll music Beatnicks First hints of change

3. Election of John Kennedy in 1960 symbolized a change in generations

5. http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy/videos/inaugural-address-john-f-kennedyhttp://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy/videos/inaugural-address-john-f-kennedy

6. TheCounterculture • The Rise of the Counterculture • Politics rejected for a lifestyle of experimentation with music, sex and drugs • The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test-Tom Wolfe

16. Grassroots change • Often times in history people say great leaders move the country to change, but the reality of the 1960’s was that the youth of America forced the change.

17. Star Spangled Banner Woodstock • 1969, upstate NY • 450,000 + attend • Jimmie Hendrix’s Star Spangled Banner and Country Joe & the Fish’s “I Feel like I’m fixin’ to Die Rag” I Feel like I’m fixin’ to Die

18. Changes the youth of the 1960’s help bring about:

19. Environment • Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962 expose on pesticides • Earth Day, 1970 • Enacted federal clean air and water laws

21. The Johnson Treatment NEXT

23. Democrats control Congress, can pass anything SECTION 3 NEXT

24. “War on Poverty” War on Poverty • PBS • Affirmative action • Office of Economic Opportunity to oversee program • Poverty greatly reduced, yet budget deficits, War on Vietnam ended the money and desire for the programs

25. Who was a better President, JFK or LBJ?

26. Immigration Reform • Immigration Act 1965, ended ethnic quota system favoring Europeans • Allowed political refugees from Communist countries come to America, like Cuba and Vietnam • Majority of new immigrants were from Latin America • Rise of illegal immigrants

28. Latinos • Encouraged to migrate to the US in the 50’s & 60’s to take low paying agricultural jobs, widely exploited • Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers Organization organize to gain collective bargaining, boycotts grapes brings national attention • Federal mandate for bilingual education in schools • In the 1970s, La RazaUnida focused its efforts on electing Latinos to public office.

29. Asian Americans • Fastest growing ethnic minority in the 1980’s, mostly located in California, Hawaii, and New York • Emphasis on education, well represented in universities, “model minorities” • Call for curriculum in schools to recognize their heritage

30. Native Americans • 50’s Gov tried to push Indians off reservations, “termination,” to integrate into mainstream America • (AIM) American Indian Movement, 1968 • Alcatraz Island, 1969 • Wounded Knee, S.D. 1973 • Trail of Broken Treaties march on Washington. • Indian Self-Determination Act, 1975, more control over internal programs, education and law enforcement on reservations

31. Gay Liberation Movement • 1969 police raid in NYC of Stonewall Inn, patrons fight back against the police • Spark protests, the start off gay rights movement • Gay activists urged homosexuals to be open about their identity • Mid 1970’s homosexuality no longer classified as a mental disease

32. Feminism • Betty Friedan’s , The Feminine Mystique, 1963, identifies the “problem with no name,” gives birth to the Women’s Rights Movement • Many suburban women were highly educated, yet only expected to live a mundane domestic life

33. Example: Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care Message: Women’s # 1 role is to raise children By Dr. Benjamin Spock

34. Growth of Suburbia

36. Changes • Friedan founded NOW in 1966 to end sexism • Miss America Pageant protest of 1968 the sexual objectification of women

37. Sexual Revolution • “the pill,” oral contraceptive • Griswold v. Connecticut declared that people have a right to privacy and that it is legal to buy contraceptives • Roe v Wade, 1973 made abortion legal • Sex before marriage the norm • Title IX- gender equality in federal funding, i.e. college athletics • Language: Ms. Title used, Policeman  Police Officer • Overall, overthrew the separate sphere model of society, women & men are now expected to fill the same roles in life

39. Work Women included in the Civil Rights Act 1964, prohibited discrimination in employment and compensation on the basis of gender Unequal pay, “glass ceiling” persistent women expected more to get educated and enter the workforce Women chose careers and family “Glass Ceiling”

40. ERA • NOW pushed for its passage

41. Gloria Steinem Founded Ms. Magazine Outspoken advocate for ERA

42. Gloria Steinem Quotes • We've begun to raise daughters more like sons... but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters. • Someone asked me why women don't gamble as much as men do, and I gave the commonsensical reply that we don't have as much money. That was a true and incomplete answer. In fact, women's total instinct for gambling is satisfied by marriage. • I don't breed well in captivity. • We can tell our values by looking at our checkbook stubs. • The first problem for all of us, men and women, is not to learn, but to unlearn. • The truth will set you free. But first, it will piss you off • A woman reading Playboy feels a little like a Jew reading a Nazi manual.

45. Why did ERA fail?

46. Opposition • “STOP ERA” organized by Phyllis Schlafly • “Every change (from ERA) will deprive women of a right, benefit, or exemption that they now enjoy.”

47. What will ERA lead to?