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**"Mastering Navigation: Degrees, Minutes, Seconds & Topo Maps"**

Learn about compass points & topo maps; understand latitudes, longitudes, contour lines, & how to create a topographic map. Explore the basics of GPS positioning & geological cross sections for navigation.

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**"Mastering Navigation: Degrees, Minutes, Seconds & Topo Maps"**

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Points of the Compass

  2. Degrees, Minutes, Seconds • There are 360o degrees around a circle • Each degree can be divided into 60’ minutes • Each minute can be divided into 60” seconds

  3. X

  4. Global Positioning • We can use lines parallel to the equator and lines between the poles to position objects on the surface 30oN Lat 60oW Long

  5. Latitude 90 degrees North Latitude 0 degrees Latitude (Equator) 90 degrees South Latitude

  6. 0 degrees Longitude at Greenwich, England

  7. 40o0’0”N 74o0’0”W X

  8. Topo Maps Types of contours

  9. 500 Use the scale to measure distance UNITS MUST MATCH Contour Interval, Scale, Series, Sectors • Every point on a contour line represents the exact same elevation • Contour lines can never cross one another. • Moving from one contour line to another always indicates a change in elevation. • On a hill with a consistent slope, there are always four intermediate contours for every index contour. • The closer contour lines are to one another, the steeper the slope http://geology.isu.edu/geostac/Field_Exercise/topomaps/topo_interp.htm

  10. Making a Topo Map • Suppose you measured elevations and positions with your GPS • Use the Latitudes and Longitudes you measured and lay out the elevations • Pick an elevation you will draw

  11. Making a Topo Map • Pick an elevation you will draw • Find a place with two nearby elevations, one larger, one smaller

  12. Making a Topo Map • Pick an elevation you will draw • Find a place with two nearby elevations, one larger, one smaller • Place a X where the elevation would lie

  13. Making a Topo Map • Pick an elevation you will draw • Find a place with two nearby elevations, one larger, one smaller • Place a X where the elevation would lie • Repeat and connect the X’s

  14. Drawing a Cross-Section • (Elevation Profile) • Hold a sheet of paper along line • Mark contours • Write elevation next to each

  15. Make a vertical scale (usually exaggerated) • Make a dot at each contour at its elevation

  16. Connect the dots for your elevation profile • Later we will use these to make geologic cross sections • Topo Maps, Air Photo Pairs, GPS, etc

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