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The magnetic compass

The magnetic compass. By: Paola Gabriel October 21 st , 2010 Think Tank, Factory B-3. Introduction.

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The magnetic compass

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  1. The magnetic compass By: Paola Gabriel October 21st, 2010 Think Tank, Factory B-3

  2. Introduction Well to me the magnetic compass is a very useful tool for pilots. Now you might be asking yourself “what is it for?” Well my friend in this next slides you will know more about it. And you’ll learn it… you’ll know it. Because when you go on a long trip, you might show your intelligence to the pilots and maybe become a pilot one day (if you want to) .  Well I hope you get this info..

  3. Main points • The magnetic compass is a very useful tool for the pilots. • What is the magnetic compass exactly? • How do pilots use it? What are its errors? • The history has interesting history.

  4. What is the compass? • The magnetic compass is the only direction indicating instrument. It does not need any external power. It is extremely useful as a standby or emergency instrument. But first a pilot must know, and not only know but follow the principles. • The next slide will tell you about the principles..

  5. What is it for? • The compass works because Earth is like a huge magnet. • In a two-minute or standard-rate turn, the aircraft turns through 360° in two minutes, or 3°/sec. By dividing by three the number of degrees in the planned turn, the pilot may determine the number of seconds required in a standard-rate turn to accomplish the desired heading change. After rolling the aircraft out on the new heading, the pilot must wait a few seconds for the compass to settle down. Then he or she can check the new heading.

  6. ERRORS! • Deviation error: The compass needle is affected when aircraft electrical equipment is operated and by the ferrous metallic components within the aircraft. These internal magnetic fields tend to deflect the compass from alignment with magnetic north. • . Dip error: As previously mentioned, the compass card tends to align itself with the earth's magnetic field. At or near the Equator this causes little or no problem, but as the aircraft nears either of the magnetic poles, the dip error becomes significant

  7. More errors…. • Acceleration error occurs during airspeed changes and is most apparent on headings of east and west. It is caused by a combination of inertia and magnetic dip. As the aircraft accelerates, the compass card, acting like a pendulum, tilts slightly during the acceleration because of the card's inertia. • This momentary tilting displaces the compass card from its normal alignment with magnetic north; therefore, when the aircraft accelerates in either an easterly or westerly direction, the compass card momentarily indicates a turn toward the north. The reverse is true when the aircraft decelerates. If the aircraft decelerates on a heading of approximately east or west, the pilots should remember the acronym ANDS: accelerate north, decelerate sout

  8. Principles • So the pilot must first understand this difference between magnetic north and true north (variation) because some of the directional values used in aviation are stated in terms of magnetic north, while others are stated in terms of true north. • If you don’t get it here’s a hint. The direction of finding instruments in the aircraft, including the magnetic compass, present heading information in terms of the magnetic north. • There are a lot more than you expect to see so let’s just go on to the next slide…. 

  9. Its history The magnetic compass has a really interesting history, would you like to know about it? Well it was first invented by the Chinese. It was made during the Qin dynasty, (221-206 B.C.)Some fortune tellers used lodestones to build their fortune boards, but then someone noticed they were better for pointing out directions. So they started to make the compass, using the lodestones. It is the oldest instrument for navigation it has been a vital tool for navigators at sea for many centuries. Some were made from wooden brass fittings. I can’t tell you where exactly it was first used. It really has improved from wood to metal.

  10. More history!!!  • Hans Christian Oersted was a professor of science at Copenhagen University. In 1820 he arranged in his home a science demonstration to friends and students. He planned to demonstrate the heating of a wire by an electric current, and also to carry out demonstrations of magnetism, for which he provided a compass needle mounted on a wooden stand. • Hans Christian Oersted..

  11. Conclusion slide • The magnetic compass is been used for hundreds or maybe thousands of years. • It is very useful……… • PILOTS NEED IT!! My friend you need to know more than what I just told you! The magnetic compass has a really interesting history, and you need to know it! 

  12. Sources • They are……… • http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/MagComp.htm • http://www.solarnavigator.net/compass.htm • http://www.navis.gr/navaids/compass.htm

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