Residential Requirements of the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code

1. Residential Requirementsof the 2009 International EnergyConservation Code U.S. Department of Energy Building Energy Codes Program

2. The Family of I-Codes The IECC is one of the International Codes. This code establishes minimum regulations for energy efficient buildings using prescriptive and performance related provisions. The IECC contains energy provisions for both residential and commercial buildings. Building Envelope - focuses on air sealing, minimum insulation levels, and efficient glazing Mechanical Systems - addresses equipment efficiency, HVAC controls and heating and cooling distribution. Electrical Systems - focuses on interior and exterior lighting wattage limits and controls for efficient lighting usage. Service Water Heating Systems - addresses water heating efficiency and hot water distribution. The IECC is one of the International Codes. This code establishes minimum regulations for energy efficient buildings using prescriptive and performance related provisions. The IECC contains energy provisions for both residential and commercial buildings. Building Envelope - focuses on air sealing, minimum insulation levels, and efficient glazing Mechanical Systems - addresses equipment efficiency, HVAC controls and heating and cooling distribution. Electrical Systems - focuses on interior and exterior lighting wattage limits and controls for efficient lighting usage. Service Water Heating Systems - addresses water heating efficiency and hot water distribution.

3. What’s Changed Since IECC 2006? Stringency – some key differences New requirements Building envelope tightness Duct testing Lighting equipment Pool controls and covers Snow melt controls Moisture control requirements moved to IRC No mechanical trade-offs allowed

4. Climate Zones—2009 IECC

5. Relationship Between IRC and IECC IECC addresses only energy IRC addresses all codes (structural, plumbing, etc.) Allows builder to carry only one code book Chapter 11 has energy IECC addresses both residential and commercial; IRC addresses detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses IRC allows compliance with IECC as an alternative to Chapter 11 Energy requirements in IRC and IECC almost identical IRC requires 0.35 SHGC in Climate Zones 1-3; IECC requires 0.30 Chapter 11 of the International Residential Code (IRC) is very similar to Chapter 4 of the IECC. The Chapter is limited in usage to one- and two-family residential and to townhouses. Chapter 11 of the International Residential Code (IRC) is very similar to Chapter 4 of the IECC. The Chapter is limited in usage to one- and two-family residential and to townhouses.

6. Structure of the IECC Chapter 1 Administrative Chapter 2 Definitions Chapter 3 Climate Zones Chapter 4 Residential Energy Efficiency Chapter 5 Commercial Energy Efficiency Chapter 6 Referenced Standards

7. Overview of Residential Code Requirements Focus is on building envelope Ceilings, walls, windows, floors, foundations Sets insulation levels, window U-factors and solar heat gain coefficients Infiltration control - caulk and seal to prevent air leaks Ducts – seal and insulate Limited space heating, air conditioning, and water heating requirements Federal law sets most equipment efficiency requirements, not the I-codes No appliance requirements Lighting equipment – 50% of lamps to be high-efficacy lamps

8. Scope Residential Buildings: IRC only for single-family, duplex, and townhouses IECC has all low-rise (1-3 stories) houses, condos, and apartments [R-2, R-3, R-4], but not hotels/motels [R-1] All buildings that are not “residential” by definition are “commercial” Includes repairs, alterations, and additions e.g., window replacements Residential buildings defined by IECC: R-2 is occupancies containing more than 2 dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including apartments, boarding houses, dormitories, etc (but not hotels/motels). R-3 includes one- and two-family dwellings. R-4 includes residential care and assisted living facilities. Special sunroom requirements were added in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2009 IECC Alteration exceptions: - storm windows installed over existing fenestration - glass only replacements in existing sash or frame - Existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction provided that these cavities are filled with insulation - Construction where the existing roof, wall, or floor cavity is not exposed Re-roofingResidential buildings defined by IECC: R-2 is occupancies containing more than 2 dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including apartments, boarding houses, dormitories, etc (but not hotels/motels). R-3 includes one- and two-family dwellings. R-4 includes residential care and assisted living facilities. Special sunroom requirements were added in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2009 IECC Alteration exceptions: - storm windows installed over existing fenestration - glass only replacements in existing sash or frame - Existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction provided that these cavities are filled with insulation - Construction where the existing roof, wall, or floor cavity is not exposed Re-roofing

9. Exceptions to Meeting Thermal Building Envelope Provisions Very low energy use buildings (<3.4 Btu/h-ft2 or 1 watt/ft2) Buildings (or portions of) that are neither heated nor cooled Existing buildings (Section 101.4.1) Electrical power, lighting, and mechanical systems still apply Buildings designated as historic (Section 101.4.2) Very low energy use building This includes only space conditioning Have participants review Section 101.5.2 An unconditioned basement is an example of an unconditioned space Buildings designated as historic National/state/local historical register Some jurisdictions may still require additions to these structures to comply with the energy code. Very low energy use building This includes only space conditioning Have participants review Section 101.5.2 An unconditioned basement is an example of an unconditioned space Buildings designated as historic National/state/local historical register Some jurisdictions may still require additions to these structures to comply with the energy code.

10. Additions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs Conform as relates to new construction Unaltered portions(s) do not need to comply Additions can comply alone or in combination with existing building Exceptions Storm windows over existing fenestration Glass only replacements Exposed, existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities if already filled with insulation Where existing roof, wall or floor cavity isn’t exposed Reroofing for roofs where neither sheathing nor insulation exposed Insulate above or below the sheathing Roofs without insulation in the cavity Sheathing or insulation is exposed

11. Space Conditioning Any nonconditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code.

12. Mixed Use Buildings Mixed occupancies Treat the residential occupancy under the applicable residential code Treat the commercial occupancy under the commercial code The residential and commercial occupancies fall under two different scopes. Thus, two compliance submittals must be prepared using the appropriate calculations and forms from the respective codes for each. Buildings > 4 stories are considered commercial buildings The residential and commercial occupancies fall under two different scopes. Thus, two compliance submittals must be prepared using the appropriate calculations and forms from the respective codes for each. Buildings > 4 stories are considered commercial buildings

13. IECC Compliance - Three Options

14. Code Compliance Tools The 2009 IECC will be implemented into REScheck and expected to be available later this year.The 2009 IECC will be implemented into REScheck and expected to be available later this year.

15. Climate-Specific Requirements Climate-Specific Requirements: Foundations Basements Slabs Crawlspaces Above grade walls Skylights, windows, and doors Roofs Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in warm climates Universal Requirements (apply everywhere): Duct insulation and sealing Infiltration control Including recessed cans There are mandatory envelope requirements (design must meet these requirements regardless of location) which include moisture and infiltration control and duct insulation. Other envelope requirements such as insulation values and window efficiency are based on the climate of the project location.There are mandatory envelope requirements (design must meet these requirements regardless of location) which include moisture and infiltration control and duct insulation. Other envelope requirements such as insulation values and window efficiency are based on the climate of the project location.

16. Insulation and Fenestration Requirements by Climate Zone

17. U-Factor and Total UA (REScheck Approach) U-factor Alternative Similar to Prescriptive but uses U-factors instead of R-values Allows for innovative or less common construction techniques such as structural insulated panels or log walls Total UA Alternative Same as U-factor alternative but allows trade-offs across all envelope components Approach used in REScheck software U-factor table is for the entire assembly. R-value table is only for the insulation. UA Alternative – if the total bldg. thermal envelope UA (sum of U-factor x assembly area) is less than or equal to the total UA resulting from using the U-factor Table 402.1.3 (multiplied by the same area as in the proposed bldg.) the bldg. would be considered in compliance. The SHGC requirements must be met in addition to UA compliance.U-factor table is for the entire assembly. R-value table is only for the insulation. UA Alternative – if the total bldg. thermal envelope UA (sum of U-factor x assembly area) is less than or equal to the total UA resulting from using the U-factor Table 402.1.3 (multiplied by the same area as in the proposed bldg.) the bldg. would be considered in compliance. The SHGC requirements must be met in addition to UA compliance.

18. U-Factor Requirements by Climate Zone Note: SHGC values are in Table 402.1.1 and must be met regardless of the this table. Lets take a look at each one of these components in the order of this table starting with fenestration. Note that this table applies to assemblies whereas the previous (R-value) table applies to insulation only. Footnote d which appears in the printed 2009 IECC was removedNote: SHGC values are in Table 402.1.1 and must be met regardless of the this table. Lets take a look at each one of these components in the order of this table starting with fenestration. Note that this table applies to assemblies whereas the previous (R-value) table applies to insulation only. Footnote d which appears in the printed 2009 IECC was removed

19. Building Envelope Specific Requirements Building Envelope consists of: Fenestration Ceilings Walls Above grade Below grade Mass walls Floors Slab Crawl space Most IECC requirements for residential buildings are for the Building Envelope The Building Envelope separates conditioned space from the outdoors and unconditioned spaces such as attics and garages Most IECC requirements for residential buildings are for the Building Envelope The Building Envelope separates conditioned space from the outdoors and unconditioned spaces such as attics and garages

20. An area weighted average of fenestration can be used to satisfy the U-factor & SHGC requirements Area-weighted average U-factor and SHGC are subject to hard limits, even in trade-offs NFRC rated and certified Exceptions: Unrated U-factor for single-paned products comply in Zone 1 Unrated U-factor for double-pane with thermal break comply in Zone 2 Fenestration

21. Fenestration (cont’d) Prescriptive Path Only Exemptions 15 ft2 of glazing (Section 402.3.3) 24 ft2 of one side-hinged opaque door assembly (Section 402.3.4) Replacement fenestration must meet 0.30 SHGC in Climate Zones 1-3 U-factors in all Zones

22. Ceilings Requirements based on Assembly type Continuous insulation Insulation between framing Meet or exceed R-values Roof insulation in buildings with attics must be installed to allow for free circulation of air through the attic eave vents. R-values for roofs represent either cavity insulation (between framing) or insulating sheathing (continuous insulation). First thing to look for is the attic access hatch is insulated to the same R-value as the plans and that weather-stripping has been installed around the hatch door to reduce infiltration. R-values are to be printed on the batt insulation or rigid foam board Blown-in insulation shall have a insulation certificate at or near the opening of the attic. The certificate should include: R-value of installed thickness initial installed thickness installed density settled thickness/settled R-value coverage area number of bags installed Insulation markers must be installed every 300 square feet and are marked with the minimum installed thickness and affixed to the trusses or joists. Check that insulation is installed uniformly to an even thickness throughout the attic and extends over the top of the exterior wall. If needed, baffles should be installed at each soffit, cornice or eave vent to direct vent air up and over the top of the insulation Roof insulation in buildings with attics must be installed to allow for free circulation of air through the attic eave vents. R-values for roofs represent either cavity insulation (between framing) or insulating sheathing (continuous insulation). First thing to look for is the attic access hatch is insulated to the same R-value as the plans and that weather-stripping has been installed around the hatch door to reduce infiltration. R-values are to be printed on the batt insulation or rigid foam board Blown-in insulation shall have a insulation certificate at or near the opening of the attic. The certificate should include: R-value of installed thickness initial installed thickness installed density settled thickness/settled R-value coverage area number of bags installed Insulation markers must be installed every 300 square feet and are marked with the minimum installed thickness and affixed to the trusses or joists. Check that insulation is installed uniformly to an even thickness throughout the attic and extends over the top of the exterior wall. If needed, baffles should be installed at each soffit, cornice or eave vent to direct vent air up and over the top of the insulation

23. Standard Roof Truss Ceiling insulation code requirements assume standard truss systems Ceiling requirements in the prescriptive requirements of Chapter 4 assume standard trusses. Typically, when blowing in insulation into a standard roof truss system, the insulation will taper as it reaches the exterior wall plate lines. This is due to the slope of the truss and also the baffle that directs ventilation air up and over the insulation from the eave vents. The R-value listed in the Prescriptive Building Envelope table assume a standard roof truss system, but credit can be taken if insulation is allowed to be installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. The credit is in a reduced insulation R-value. The use of standard truss systems can cause cold corners and also contribute to ice dam formations. Ceiling requirements in the prescriptive requirements of Chapter 4 assume standard trusses. Typically, when blowing in insulation into a standard roof truss system, the insulation will taper as it reaches the exterior wall plate lines. This is due to the slope of the truss and also the baffle that directs ventilation air up and over the insulation from the eave vents. The R-value listed in the Prescriptive Building Envelope table assume a standard roof truss system, but credit can be taken if insulation is allowed to be installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. The credit is in a reduced insulation R-value. The use of standard truss systems can cause cold corners and also contribute to ice dam formations.

24. Raised Heel Truss Raised Heel/Energy Truss credit if insulation is full height over exterior wall (Prescriptive) R-30 instead of R-38 R-38 instead of R-49 The Prescriptive Specification allows the substitution of an R-38 insulation, if the code requires an R-49, and an R-30, if the code requires an R-38, if the insulation is installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. This can be accomplished by either using an oversized truss, a raised heel truss, or by installing insulation with a higher R-value per inch thickness such as rigid board insulation. Typically fiberglass batt insulation can be installed over the exterior wall plate line to the desired R-value and the remaining attic can utilize blown-in insulation. Ceilings without attic spaces – design of the roof/ceiling assembly that does not allow sufficient space for the required insulation - the minimum required insulation for these assemblies shall be R30 - BUT is limited to 500 square feet of ceiling area.The Prescriptive Specification allows the substitution of an R-38 insulation, if the code requires an R-49, and an R-30, if the code requires an R-38, if the insulation is installed full height over the exterior wall plate line. This can be accomplished by either using an oversized truss, a raised heel truss, or by installing insulation with a higher R-value per inch thickness such as rigid board insulation. Typically fiberglass batt insulation can be installed over the exterior wall plate line to the desired R-value and the remaining attic can utilize blown-in insulation. Ceilings without attic spaces – design of the roof/ceiling assembly that does not allow sufficient space for the required insulation - the minimum required insulation for these assemblies shall be R30 - BUT is limited to 500 square feet of ceiling area.

25. Ceilings without Attic Spaces (Prescriptive) Where Insulation levels are required > R-30 and Not sufficient amount of space to meet higher levels R-30 allowed for 500 ft2 or 20% total insulated ceiling area, whichever is less

26. Access Hatches and Doors (Prescriptive) Weatherstrip and insulate doors from conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and crawl spaces) Insult to level equivalent to surrounding surfaces e.g., required ceiling insulation = R-38; attic hatch insulated to R-38 Provide access to all equipment that prevents damaging or compressing the insulation Install a wood framed or equivalent baffle or retainer when loose fill insulation is installed

27. Above Grade Walls  Insulation should not be compressed behind the wiring or plumbing; this reduces the R-value of insulation. Be sure the insulation has filled the entire cavity, batts that are cut too short will leave voids. For continuous insulation make sure there are no voids and the insulation is well bonded to the outside framing. Perimeter joists between floors must be insulated. While not a requirement, in some climates it is important to insulate exterior corners and on or in headers over doors and windows to eliminate heat transfer through the surfaces.Insulation should not be compressed behind the wiring or plumbing; this reduces the R-value of insulation. Be sure the insulation has filled the entire cavity, batts that are cut too short will leave voids. For continuous insulation make sure there are no voids and the insulation is well bonded to the outside framing. Perimeter joists between floors must be insulated. While not a requirement, in some climates it is important to insulate exterior corners and on or in headers over doors and windows to eliminate heat transfer through the surfaces.

28. Mass Walls What type Concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete form (ICF), masonry cavity, brick (other than brick veneer), earth, and solid timber/logs Provisions At least 50% of the required R-value must be on the exterior or integral to the wall When more than half the insulation is on the interior, the mass wall U-factors: Section 402.1.3 for u-factor alternative exceptions for mass walls climate zones 1-3 Section 402.2.3 for r-value alternative exceptions for mass walls climate zones 1-3Section 402.1.3 for u-factor alternative exceptions for mass walls climate zones 1-3 Section 402.2.3 for r-value alternative exceptions for mass walls climate zones 1-3

29. Steel-frame Ceilings, walls, and floors Exceptions Climate Zones 1 and 2 ci can be reduced to R-3 for 24” o.c. walls Steel framed assemblies shall meet the insulation requirements in the table 402.2.5 OR The U-factor requirements in the U-factor table 402.1.3 for Frame Walls and use a series-parallel path calculation method. Metal framing provides a more effective path for heat transmission than wood stud wall construction.Steel framed assemblies shall meet the insulation requirements in the table 402.2.5 OR The U-factor requirements in the U-factor table 402.1.3 for Frame Walls and use a series-parallel path calculation method. Metal framing provides a more effective path for heat transmission than wood stud wall construction.

30. Floors over Unconditioned Space Space can be unheated basement or a crawlspace or outdoor air Insulation must maintain permanent contact with underside of subfloor Building envelope definition in Chapter 2 defines this area. Building Thermal Envelope: the basement walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space.Building envelope definition in Chapter 2 defines this area. Building Thermal Envelope: the basement walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space.

31. Below-Grade Walls = 50% below grade Where 50% or more of a wall assembly is below grade (based on exterior surface area), the below-grade wall requirement from the Envelope Requirements may be used for the entire assembly. Below-grade wall insulation must extend from the top of the basement down to 10 feet below grade or to the basement floor, whichever is less. Walls associated with unconditioned basements must meet the requirements unless the floor above the basement is insulated accordingly.Where 50% or more of a wall assembly is below grade (based on exterior surface area), the below-grade wall requirement from the Envelope Requirements may be used for the entire assembly. Below-grade wall insulation must extend from the top of the basement down to 10 feet below grade or to the basement floor, whichever is less. Walls associated with unconditioned basements must meet the requirements unless the floor above the basement is insulated accordingly.

32. Defining Below-Grade Walls Define each wall individually. If the grade is sloping, the average height of the grade over the wall should be used to determine whether it’s a below-grade or above-grade wall.Define each wall individually. If the grade is sloping, the average height of the grade over the wall should be used to determine whether it’s a below-grade or above-grade wall.

33. Slab Edge Insulation Slabs with a floor surface < 12 inches below grade R-10 (typically 2 inches) insulation in Zones 4 and above Downward from top of slab a minimum of 24” (Zones 4 and 5) or 48” (Zones 6, 7, and 8) Insulation can be vertical or extend horizontally under the slab or out from the building (must be under 10 inches of soil) Slab-edge insulation may be installed vertically or horizontally on the inside or outside of foundation walls. If installed vertically, it must extend downward from the top of the slab to the top of the footing. If installed horizontally, it must cover the slab edge and then extend horizontally (to the interior or exterior). Slab edge floors with a floor surface < 12” below grade.Slab-edge insulation may be installed vertically or horizontally on the inside or outside of foundation walls. If installed vertically, it must extend downward from the top of the slab to the top of the footing. If installed horizontally, it must cover the slab edge and then extend horizontally (to the interior or exterior). Slab edge floors with a floor surface < 12” below grade.

34. The top edge of the insulation installed between the exterior wall and the edge of the interior slab shall be permitted to be cut at a 45 degree angle away from the exterior wall. This is an example of insulation cut at a 45-degree bevel cut this is a way to avoid bringing the insulation to the top of the slab edge so a carpet tack strip can be attached.The top edge of the insulation installed between the exterior wall and the edge of the interior slab shall be permitted to be cut at a 45 degree angle away from the exterior wall. This is an example of insulation cut at a 45-degree bevel cut this is a way to avoid bringing the insulation to the top of the slab edge so a carpet tack strip can be attached.

35. Crawlspace Wall Insulation Unvented Crawlspaces Space should be mechanically vented or conditioned (See Section R408 of the IRC) Cover exposed earth with a continuous Class I vapor retarder The code requires the crawl space wall insulation be permanently fastened to the wall and extend downward from the floor to the finished grade level and then vertically and/or horizontally for at least an additional 24”. However, there are some criteria that must be met in order to use this insulation method:   The crawlspace may not have ventilation openings that communicate directly with outside air The crawlspace must be mechanically ventilated or supplied with conditioned air (this is not directly stated in the IECC). The crawlspace floor must be covered with an approved vapor retarder material, the joints must overlap 6” and be sealed, the edges should extend at least 6” up the stem wall and attached to the stem wall. The IRC allows the construction of unventilated crawlspaces. To meet the requirements the crawlspace walls must be insulated to the R-value specified in the energy code. The crawlspace must either be provided with conditioned air or with mechanical ventilation. The code does not specify the quantity of conditioned air to supply the crawlspace. If mechanical ventilation is selected, the crawlspace must be ventilated at 1 CFM per 50 square feet. The ground surface must also be covered with an approved vapor retarder material. To eliminate moisture from the crawlspace the sill plate and perimeter joist must be sealed. Also, while not a code requirement, all joints in the vapor retarder should be overlapped and taped. This includes the connection between the vapor retarder and crawlspace wall. The code requires the crawl space wall insulation be permanently fastened to the wall and extend downward from the floor to the finished grade level and then vertically and/or horizontally for at least an additional 24”.

36. Vented & Unvented Crawlspaces Vented Crawlspace Requirements: The raised floor over the crawlspace must be insulated. A vapor retarder may be required as part of the floor assembly. Ventilation openings must exist that are equal to at least 1 square foot for each 150 square feet of crawlspace area and be placed to provide cross-flow (IRC 408.1, may be less if ground vapor retarder is installed). Ducts in crawlspace must be sealed and have R-8 insulation. Unvented Crawlspace Requirements: The crawlspace ground surface must be covered with an approved vapor retarder (e.g., plastic sheeting). Crawlspace walls must be insulated to the R-value requirements specific for crawlspace walls (IECC Table 402.1.1). Crawlspace wall insulation must extend from the top of the wall to the inside finished grade and then 24” vertically or horizontally. Crawlspaces must be mechanically vented (1 cfm exhaust per 50 square feet) or conditioned (heated and cooled as part of the building envelope). These are some other requirements that might pertain to the crawlspace whether it is vented or unvented. Not all of these requirements are addressed in the IECC and come from other codes such as the IRC. These are some other requirements that might pertain to the crawlspace whether it is vented or unvented. Not all of these requirements are addressed in the IECC and come from other codes such as the IRC.

37. Additions Treat as a stand-alone building Additions must meet the prescriptive requirements in Table 402.1.1 1. Treat the addition as a stand-alone building and ignore the common walls between the existing building and the addition. Combine the existing building with the addition and bring the whole building to compliance. Compliance can be harder to achieve if the existing building is quite old. 1. Treat the addition as a stand-alone building and ignore the common walls between the existing building and the addition. Combine the existing building with the addition and bring the whole building to compliance. Compliance can be harder to achieve if the existing building is quite old.

38. Sunrooms Less stringent insulation R-value and glazing U-factor requirements Sunroom definition: Glazing area >40% glazing of gross exterior wall and roof area Separate heating or cooling system or zone Must be thermally isolated (closeable doors or windows to the rest of the house) Sunroom: a one-story structure attached to a dwelling with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of the gross area of the structure’s exterior walls and roof.Sunroom: a one-story structure attached to a dwelling with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of the gross area of the structure’s exterior walls and roof.

39. Sunroom Requirements Ceiling Insulation Zones 1-4 R-19 Zones 5-8 R-24 Wall Insulation All zones R-13 Fenestration U-Factor Zones 4-8 0.50 Skylight U-Factor Zones 4-8 0.75 New wall(s) separating a sunroom from conditioned space shall meet the building thermal envelope requirements. This is prescriptive requirements and the SHGC requirements are still applicable but not less stringent regardless of whether it is a sunroom or not.New wall(s) separating a sunroom from conditioned space shall meet the building thermal envelope requirements. This is prescriptive requirements and the SHGC requirements are still applicable but not less stringent regardless of whether it is a sunroom or not.

40. Mandatory Requirements Building Envelope Air leakage Recessed lighting Maximum fenestration U-factor and SHGC Fireplaces

41. Air Leakage Control Building envelope Sealed with caulking materials or Closed with gasketing systems Joints and seams sealed or taped or covered with a moisture vapor-permeable wrapping material The sealing methods between dissimilar materials shall allow for differential expansion and contraction.The sealing methods between dissimilar materials shall allow for differential expansion and contraction.

42. Areas for Air Leakage (Infiltration) Windows and doors Between sole plates Floors and exterior wall panels Plumbing Electrical Service access doors or hatches Recessed light fixtures Rim joist junction There is no specific code language that precisely dictates how a leak should be sealed or how to judge the quality of a seal. There are several places where air leakage can occur: Site-built windows, doors, and skylights Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing Utility penetrations Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope Knee walls Behind stairwells on exterior walls Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls Common walls between dwelling units Attic access hatchesThere is no specific code language that precisely dictates how a leak should be sealed or how to judge the quality of a seal. There are several places where air leakage can occur: Site-built windows, doors, and skylights Openings between window and door assemblies and their respective jambs and framing Utility penetrations Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the thermal envelope Knee walls Behind stairwells on exterior walls Walls and ceilings separating a garage from conditioned spaces Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls Common walls between dwelling units Attic access hatches

43. Recessed Lighting Fixtures Type IC rated and labeled in a sealed or gasketed enclosure Type IC rated and labeled as meeting ASTM E 283 when tested at 1.57 psf (75 Pa) pressure differential with no more than 2.0 cfm of air movement Sealed with a gasket or caulk between the housing and interior wall or ceiling covering When installed in the building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall meet one of these requirements. IC means “insulation contact.” Another designation label you might encounter is Air-Lok. Type IC rated in accordance with ASTM E 283 admitting no more than 2.0 cfm of air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity. When installed in the building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall meet one of these requirements. IC means “insulation contact.” Another designation label you might encounter is Air-Lok. Type IC rated in accordance with ASTM E 283 admitting no more than 2.0 cfm of air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity.

44. Air Sealing and Insulation 2 options to demonstrate compliance When tested air leakage is <7 ACH when tested with a blower door at pressure of 33.5 psf (Section 402.4.2.1) Testing after rough in and installation of building envelope penetrations When items listed in Table 402.4.2, applicable to the method of construction, are field verified (Section 402.4.2.2)

45. Windows – U-Factors Strict limits on U-factor in northern U.S. (cannot be traded off) U-0.75 for skylights in Zones 4-8 These are based on building average; individual windows or skylights can be worse if area-weighted average meets these requirements U-Factor is a measure of how well the assembly conducts heat. The lower the number, the better the assembly acts as an insulator. A window U-factor is based on the interior surface area of the entire assembly, including glazing, sash, curbing, and other framing elements. Center-of-glass U-factors cannot be used. The code requires windows, glass doors, and skylights to be rated by National Fenestration Rating Council and to have labels that show the rated u-factor and SHGC values for the glazing unit, but allows default values from Tables 102.1.3(1-3). U-Factor is a measure of how well the assembly conducts heat. The lower the number, the better the assembly acts as an insulator. A window U-factor is based on the interior surface area of the entire assembly, including glazing, sash, curbing, and other framing elements. Center-of-glass U-factors cannot be used. The code requires windows, glass doors, and skylights to be rated by National Fenestration Rating Council and to have labels that show the rated u-factor and SHGC values for the glazing unit, but allows default values from Tables 102.1.3(1-3).

46. Windows - SHGC Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Climate Zones 1-3 0.30 or lower (area-weighted average) Cannot exceed 0.50 even if performance path trade-offs are used (area-weighted average) National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) tested SHGC is a measure of how much solar gain is transmitted through the window by solar radiation The lower the SHGC value of a window the less sunlight and heat can pass through the glazing. In locations in climate zones 1-3, the combined SHGC (the area weighted average) of all glazed fenestration products in the building shall not exceed .50. Under no circumstances can the area-weighted average SHGC exceed 0.50 in zones 1-3, regardless of what trade-offs are used. SHGC is a measure of how much solar gain is transmitted through the window by solar radiation The lower the SHGC value of a window the less sunlight and heat can pass through the glazing. In locations in climate zones 1-3, the combined SHGC (the area weighted average) of all glazed fenestration products in the building shall not exceed .50. Under no circumstances can the area-weighted average SHGC exceed 0.50 in zones 1-3, regardless of what trade-offs are used.

47. Locations with Window SHGC Requirements Zones 1-3 Dominantly cooled climate locationsZones 1-3 Dominantly cooled climate locations

48. Mechanical Systems & Equipment Equipment efficiency set by Federal law, not the I-Codes

49. Mandatory Requirements Systems (Section 403) Controls Heat pump supplementary heat Ducts Sealing (Mandatory) Insulation (Prescriptive) HVAC piping insulation Circulating hot water systems Ventilation Equipment sizing Systems serving multiple dwelling units Snow melt controls Pools - Controls: at least one thermostat shall be provided for each separate heating and cooling system - Heat pump supplementary heat: heat pumps having supplementary electric resistance heat shall have control that except during defrost, prevent supplemental heat operation when the heat pump compressor can meet the heating load.- Controls: at least one thermostat shall be provided for each separate heating and cooling system - Heat pump supplementary heat: heat pumps having supplementary electric resistance heat shall have control that except during defrost, prevent supplemental heat operation when the heat pump compressor can meet the heating load.

50. Programmable Thermostat - Controls If primary heating system is a forced-air furnace At least one programmable thermostat/dwelling unit Capability to set back or temporarily operate the system to maintain zone temperatures down to 55ºF (13ºC) or up to 85ºF (29ºC) Initially programmed with: heating temperature set point no higher than 70ºF (21ºC) and cooling temperature set point no lower than 78ºF (26ºC)

51. Heat Pump Supplementary Heat - Controls Prevent supplementary electric-resistance heat when heat pump can meet the heating load Exception During defrost

52. Ducts Insulation (Prescriptive) Ducts outside the building envelope: R-8 All other ducts: R-6 Sealing (Mandatory) Joints and seams shall comply with IRC, Section M1601.4.1 Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts No Trade offs allowed for duct insulation. Exception: - ducts completely inside the building envelope Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts.No Trade offs allowed for duct insulation. Exception: - ducts completely inside the building envelope Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts.

53. Duct Tightness Tests All ducts, air handlers, filter boxes and building cavities used as ducts shall be sealed (Section 403.2.2) Duct tightness shall be verified by either - Post construction test Leakage to outdoors: =8 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area or Total leakage: =12 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 in w.g. (25Pa) across entire system, including manufacturer’s air handler enclosure All register boots taped or otherwise sealed Rough-in test Total leakage =6 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 in w.g. (25Pa) across roughed-in system, including manufacturer’s air handler enclosure all register boots taped or otherwise sealed if air handler not installed at time of test Total air leakage =4 cfm/per 100 ft2 Exceptions: Duct tightness test is not required if the air handler and all ducts are located within conditioned space

54. Piping Insulation R-3 required on HVAC systems Exception: Piping that conveys fluids between 55 and 105°F R-2 required on All circulating domestic hot water systems Systems also require a readily accessible manual switch Circulating hot water systems shall include an automatic or readily accessible manual switch that can turn off the hot water circulating pump when the system is not in use. Mandatory – no trade offs.Circulating hot water systems shall include an automatic or readily accessible manual switch that can turn off the hot water circulating pump when the system is not in use. Mandatory – no trade offs.

55. Ventilation and Equipment Sizing Ventilation Outdoor air intakes and exhausts shall have automatic or gravity dampers that close when the ventilation system is not operating Equipment Sizing IECC references Section M1401.3 of the IRC Load calculations determine the proper capacity (size) of equipment Goal is big enough to ensure comfort but no bigger Calculations shall be performed in accordance with ACCA Manual J or other approved methods Equipment sizing is a direct reference to the IRC. Oversized equipment has a higher initial cost, a higher operating cost, provides less comfort, and the short-cycling reduces the equipment life expectancy. Any one of these is a good reason not to oversize. Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in the ACCA Manual J or an equivalent computation procedure.Equipment sizing is a direct reference to the IRC. Oversized equipment has a higher initial cost, a higher operating cost, provides less comfort, and the short-cycling reduces the equipment life expectancy. Any one of these is a good reason not to oversize. Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with the procedures described in the ACCA Manual J or an equivalent computation procedure.

56. Snow Melt System Controls Snow- and ice-melting system controls pavement temperature > 50ºF and no precipitation is falling and when the outdoor temperature is > 40ºF

57. Pools Pool heaters with a readily accessible on-off switch fired by natural gas not allowed to have continuously burning pilot lights Time switches to automatically turn off and on heaters and pumps according to a preset schedule installed on swimming pool heaters and pumps. Exceptions Public health standards require 24-hour pump operation Pumps operating pools with solar-waste-heat recovery heating systems

58. Pool Covers On heated pools If heated to >90°F, vapor-retardant pool cover at least R-12 Exception: If >60% of energy from site-recovered or solar energy source

59. Fireplaces New wood-burning fireplaces shall have gasketed doors and outdoor combustion air.

60. Systems Systems serving multiple dwelling units shall comply with Sections 503 and 504 in lieu of Section 403

61. Lighting Equipment (Prescriptive) A minimum of 50 percent of the lamps in permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be high-efficacy lamps

62. Simulated Performance Alternative Requires computer software with specified capabilities (local official may approve other tools) Includes both envelope and equipment Allows greatest flexibility. Credits features such as: High efficiency furnaces, air-conditioners, etc. Tight ducts (must be leak tested) or hydronic systems Exterior shading, favorable orientation, thermal mass, SHGC, etc. Section 405 specifies “ground rules” These will generally be “hidden” in compliance software calculation algorithms Very similar ground rules are used in home federal tax credits and ENERGY STAR Home guidelines The simulated performance alternative can be used for building designs that do comply with all the prescriptive requirements in Chapter 4 of the IECC. Under the simulated performance alternative, a “Proposed design” will comply with the code if the calculated annual energy cost is not greater than a similar building (the “Standard design”) designed in accordance with Chapter 4. The Proposed design uses the same energy sources, floor area, geometry, design conditions, occupancy, climate data, and usage schedule as the Standard design. Some energy-conserving strategies to improve the performance of the Proposed design include exterior shading of windows, passive solar design, thermal mass heat storage, improved thermal envelope, improved duct systems, reduced air infiltration, and high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water heating equipment.The simulated performance alternative can be used for building designs that do comply with all the prescriptive requirements in Chapter 4 of the IECC. Under the simulated performance alternative, a “Proposed design” will comply with the code if the calculated annual energy cost is not greater than a similar building (the “Standard design”) designed in accordance with Chapter 4. The Proposed design uses the same energy sources, floor area, geometry, design conditions, occupancy, climate data, and usage schedule as the Standard design. Some energy-conserving strategies to improve the performance of the Proposed design include exterior shading of windows, passive solar design, thermal mass heat storage, improved thermal envelope, improved duct systems, reduced air infiltration, and high-efficiency heating, cooling, and water heating equipment.

63. Compliance/Documentation/Inspections Code Official has final authority Software, worksheets Above Code Programs Electronic media can be used Construction work for which a permit is required is subject to inspection Certificate is required No work shall be done on any part of the building beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining written approval of the code official. No construction work shall be concealed without being inspected and approved.No work shall be done on any part of the building beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining written approval of the code official. No construction work shall be concealed without being inspected and approved.

64. Code Officials Inspection Successive and final inspections, and reinspections if necessary Code Validity Code deemed to be illegal or void shall not affect the remainder of the code Codes and standards considered part of the requirements of the code Provisions take precedence Fees Must be paid before permit is issued Required in accordance with schedule Compliance/Documentation/Inspections

65. Certificate Permanently posted on the electrical distribution panel Don’t cover or obstruct the visibility of other required labels Includes the following: R-values of insulation installed for the thermal building envelope including ducts outside conditioned spaces U-factors for fenestration SHGC for fenestration HVAC efficiencies and types SWH equipment The 2009 IECC requires a permanent certificate posted on the electrical distribution panel. The certificate shall be completed by the builder or registered design professional. It should list the R-values of insulation installed for the building envelope, U-factors and SHGC for fenestration, HVAC efficiencies, and service water heating equipment. The certificate is currently being implemented as part of the REScheck reports.The 2009 IECC requires a permanent certificate posted on the electrical distribution panel. The certificate shall be completed by the builder or registered design professional. It should list the R-values of insulation installed for the building envelope, U-factors and SHGC for fenestration, HVAC efficiencies, and service water heating equipment. The certificate is currently being implemented as part of the REScheck reports.

66. If a gas-fired unvented room heater, electric furnace, or baseboard electric heater is installed Certificate lists gas-fired unvented room heater, electric furnace or baseboard electric heater No efficiency listed for the above systems Certificate (cont’d)